Posts Tagged 'Memory'

A Song for the Ages – Some Roguish Thoughts on the Role of Music in the Memory, Meaning, and Metaphysics of Aging

Without music, life would be a mistake ~ Friedrich Nietzsche

In this segment, I would like to bring together a few (seemingly) disparate ideas that connect humans as aging entities as creative agents and active listeners to the construction of their environments in this regard: MUSIC.

I consider music as something both scientific (to be understood and empirically tested) and metaphysical (to be appreciated as beyond our comprehension – and that is OK as the rhythm, the lyrics, the tone, the flow, the harmony, the effect create an alchemical magic in mind, body, and soul) – and that is a rare combination indeed.  Music is an enigma – and Enigma is music. Music is synthetic and analytic – necessary and contingent. I am thinking about music and feeling about music. I am writing about music – a posteriori – but I wonder if music is as a priori as defining the ‘triangle.”

In other words, we can analyze and dissect, and gain a degree of knowledge, but it still does not equate to total depth and breadth of what it is. I believe it is one aspect of human existence which will defy scientism such that as you dig deeper and deeper and follow the reductionism inward through the vestibulocochlear nerve and toward the synapses and neurotransmitters and we will find biochemicals and space – but where is the swirl of meaning and affect and transcendental “vibes”? It’s there, but here, and over there too. The experience is total – soma, germline, brain, mind, skin, hair, memory, movement, dance, rhythmic, spiritual, and existential. The power and the anti-power of music. Even the dour Arthur Schopenhauer found a special significance to the importance of music:

    To stimulate the knowledge of these Ideas by depicting individual things (for works of art are themselves always such) is the aim of all the other non-musical arts . . . [but] music, since it passes over the Ideas, is . . . quite independent of the phenomenal world, positively ignores it, and, to a certain extent, could still exist even if there were no world at all, which cannot be said of the other arts.

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy noted that,

    Often considered to be a thoroughgoing pessimist, Schopenhauer in fact advocated ways — via artistic, moral and ascetic forms of awareness — to overcome a frustration-filled and fundamentally painful human condition. Since his death in 1860, his philosophy has had a special attraction for those who wonder about life’s meaning, along with those engaged in music, literature, and the visual arts. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schopenhauer/

We create it and then it creates us. Music as the Ouroboros. It is an extension of us – perhaps both limbic and cortex – reaching out and extended outward beyond the cranial sphere and in-between and among us – connecting and weaving, energizing the many-into-one; the ultimate e-pluribus-unum. Anthems, ballads, beauty, angst, tranquility, marching, percussion, horns, strings, quartets, symphonies – our gift and each generation stamps its identity along with it and then carries it onward – to the grave, but it all joins in the magic and memetic swirl of humanity. Music as the gift from the creator and the gift is returned many-times over as the listener is a viable part of the process. Pure reciprocation and essential as breathing. Perhaps it is instinctual (see connection below to PBS series and Oliver Sacks).

I also see (listen?) music as breadcrumbs along our trail of human development. Music as the transportation device in memory. A ontological magic carpet. In addition, there is the passage of time, the anchor points of time, and the ability of music to serve as a cognitive wonderment, a mechanism to trigger reflection and contemplation. As I have suggested many times over in these blog segments, even as we are surrounded by the onslaught of biomedical findings, the scientific management of aging (as Thomas Cole would call it), and the promise of technological wonders that await us in this century (perhaps immortality? – as Aubrey de Grey might see it), I still need to have that deepening connection to not only the present (oops it just moved on, now it is the past; nope, got it! The present – right NOW ! Ah, no, it too has passed), but the unfolding slices and streaming media that reels backward along the pathways of our human development that have intersected each and every one of us – along the journey to the present – now.

We can sense that our on-going aging process is the accumulation of experiences, stories, people, landscapes and visions. We try to understand and create patterns from all of the kaleidoscopic memories and events which have been embellished and enhanced, elevated and manipulated into a Kantian mash of things-unto-themselves – where we believe that what was {what we were} is exactly the way that it was – and that was what happened (with a high degree of probability) but can we really know for sure with the highest degree of reliability and validity – that what was – was what it was. Or are our perceptions and memories only (and barely) able to glimpse the surface or an angle or the flash and glint of what was? It is true the photo albums, the videos and other media can provide a more certain foundation, but like the Zapruder film we see it unfolding, but what happened – really? Thus, the kaleidoscopic experience – and with time, the angles and the perspectives, the people, all age – and the images, the experiences are both there – and here, but still transformed.

We can rely on our senses to perhaps to allow for the possibility of “involuntary memory” which, as an example, set the stage for the great fictional work of Marcel Proust and À la recherche du temps perdu (or in English, In Search of Lost Time) –

    “She sent out for one of those short, plump little cakes called petites madeleines, which look as though they had been moulded in the fluted scallop of a pilgrim’s shell. And soon, mechanically, weary after a dull day with the prospect of a depressing morrow, I raised to my lips a spoonful of the tea in which I had soaked a morsel of the cake. No sooner had the warm liquid, and the crumbs with it, touched my palate than a shudder ran through my whole body, and I stopped, intent upon the extraordinary changes that were taking place…at once the vicissitudes of life had become indifferent to me, its disasters innocuous, its brevity illusory…”

So, perhaps you have had a sensory trigger – many times over. And then there is the rush (often instantaneously) through time – to a place and moment – and there is the involuntary response of emotion, affect, and the re-enactment (or is it simply a pristine review of the scene?) of the experience as it was. The re-experiencing may be vivid and lucid or perhaps a momentary flash of hazy recollection – but the neurons firing and the synapses connecting, and the bundled cords of biochemical messages fly to their designated way stations igniting the response – and the overwhelming reaction.

I am sure this has happened to you many times over your life course. Perhaps you were driving your car –and the “old” song on the FM station comes up – and then turn up the volume to get the essence of it all {if the people driving around you or on the sidewalks could only know what this means to you! – If they only knew – but then they do – they know exactly what you are going through) or you find an box or container with some LP records – the covers and then you pull out the vinyl and marvel at the magic of ridges and the needle that would transmit history, time, and the intersect of the days in school, on the job, that summer, and that lover, and that day with sun and storm, heat and wind, thunder and the rush of clouds in the sky.

I am sure this is part of the fascinating work that Oliver Sacks is engaged in and I hope you can follow up on his book: Musicophilia (see: http://musicophilia.com/

– and then PBS special that is forthcoming and to air later this month. 

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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/musicminds/ask.html

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            Now, if may share a few trigger points along my life course as example and then end up with one song that is simply haunting the neurons right out of me (at this point).

            I have organized my iTunes playlist(s) into several categories, which roughly correspond to the following (as examples).

For the Brain (examples: Purple Haze, Jimi Hendrix; Crystal Ship, The Doors; Wake Up, Stop Dreaming, Wang Chung; Man on the Moon, REM)

For the Body: (examples: Crash Into Me, Dave Matthews Band; Big Legged Woman, Freddie King; Go All the Way, The Raspberries; God Part II, U2; Smooth, Santana and Rob Thomas (How can you not get hot and begin the dance with this one?); Let Love Take Control, Tab Benoit)

For the Fight: (examples: Street Fighting Man, Rolling Stones; Out of Control, The Eagles; Breed, Nirvana; City of Angels, Wang Chung;

For the Soul (examples: Instant Karma, John Lennon; Vide Cor Meum; Bruckner, Missa Solemis in B Flat Minor; Rachmaninov: Vespers, Op. 37; Faure: Requiem)

Some songs defy categories and I do not know where the hell to place them – I have another category that simply says “HAUNTING”

Jocelyn Pook’s: Dionysus  

Dean Can Dance: Cantara

The Allman Brothers: In Memory of Elizabeth Reed

And as a final example, here is another “haunting” song that I just added to the list and I cannot figure it out (yet – or maybe never will); it “sounds” familiar – and yet I am sure it is not.

I came across “it” by accident. I was listening to a box-set list by Crosby, Stills and Nash and trying to weave in the essence of songs like “Long Time Gone”, “Carry On” and “Suite: Judy Blue Eyes,” but it was another song on the list, that I guess I had always skipped over – and paid no attention to.

The song is Laughing. It is from If I Could Only Remember My Name, which is David Crosby’s first solo album (1971).  The song has this straight to the limbic/cortex drive and when Joni Mitchell’s voice joins in at the end and you have Jerry Garcia’s Pedal Steel Guitar at work – well, the reaction is unearthly and grounded – it is deeply philosophical (think: Plato’s cave metaphor) and I believe it is a mirror. But after listening, there is no longer any mirror; just dust glittering in the rays of the sun…

And all of the books could never convey the essence – of laughing.

The truth of it all.

Life – laughing. Dionysus. Odysseus. Cantara…. In Memory of…

I want to be laughing – as I die.

I want music played at my funeral. For you and for me.

But in the mean time… I will be singing.

thanks, Scott D. Wright

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life: Answering the “So What?”

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life:
The Gift and Curse of Mnemosyne and Lethe

Section IV – Personal Perspectives (c – Final Installment – I promise!)

To grow old is a great privilege. It allows feedback on a long life that can be relived in retrospect. With the years, retrospect becomes more inclusive; scene and action become more real and present. Sometimes the distance, scenes and experiences are close to bewildering, and to relive them in memory is almost overwhelming.
—Joan Erikson, The Life Cycle Completed (The Extended Version)

This is final blog installment in this series on remembering and forgetting in later life. I would like to share with you my “Beyond Benjamin Button” exercise (see previous blog post) that attempts to identify a quasi-inventory of cross-cutting influences on my interest in aging, memory, forgetting. I refer to it as the “Beyond Benjamin Button” exercise so as to help burn through the “fog of aging” – so as to create an accounting of life – lived so far, and then to connect it to a quote of Soren Kierkegaard…

“Life must be lived forward, but can only be understood backwards”

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So put on your seat belt and down that Mountain Dew with a Red Bull chaser. I promise this is the last blog in this series – and I apologize in advance for this being a bit longer than usual –

            From Herodotus, I have learned that it is Clio that begins the story. The muse of heroic poetry and history. Okay, he’s not quite the Thucydide…but he gives the full account, with depth and breadth. But it’s still a a murky world out there. We have met the history and it is us.

            From Augustine, I have learned of the importance of memory and time and in relation to happiness and in the context of personal narrative by a man still grappling with theological tenets, but I have found himself reading one passage several times over trying to make sense of the play-on-words that Augustine presented, which would rival an Escher moebius painting -

    So, though memory is in my memory when I remember remembering, both forgetting and remembering are in my memory when I remember forgetting –remembering that I forget, and forgetting what I once remembered. What can forgetting be but a lack of memory? And then how can forgetting be present, for me to remember it, when its very presence makes me lack it? All things we remember are in our memory – and since we must remember forgetting, or we would not know what the word means when we hear it, then forgetting must be in our memory. It is there for us to remember, but its being there means we forget. Or should we say that forgetting is not there itself when we remember it, but only some representation of it, since its being present itself would make us lack memory? Who can fathom such a thing, or make sense of it? (Book Ten # 24).

              From Boethius, I have learned of his selected quotes from Homer, his homage to Odysseus in Book IV, his influences on Dante and how both had to deal with their trails and tribulations. One in jail and the other in exile and the rendering of a poetic and a personal statement when facing insurmountable challenges both facing an uphill battle and using Lady Philosophy. Sophia, Beatrice, as their guide to face the capricious Lady Fortune. Carmina Burana – O Fortuna! The wheel in the sky and how in Book I, the verse in VII sounds more like an eastern Zen Buddhistic approach then from a westernized Christian and how Lady Philosophy debates Boethius in relation to “fairness” and “happiness” and the exchange is fresh and alive.

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She  says: “If the enjoyment of any earthly blessing brings with it any measure of happiness, the memory of that splendid day can never be destroyed by the burden however great of growing evil” He said in return: “It is the very thing, in fact, which makes me burn with grief as I remember it. In all adversity of fortune, the most wretched kind is once to have been happy.” And she told him to take stock of what he has – and Boethius – get a grip! Human happiness is bitter-sweetness, become the eye of the storm she tells him, – we are but dust in the wind and Lady Philosophy sounds very much like the stoic Marcus Aurelius, as I note this quote for my nascent inventory of threads weaving to become memories - And I can read Goethe in Book III and verse II. I can also now fathom anamnesis, in both Augustine and Boethius. I have learned to love the style, narrative and then verse and them more narrative, and his sharing of wisdom from his vantage point of his own hell. Whatever lives in time exists in the present and progresses from the past to the future, and there is nothing set in time which can embrace simultaneously the whole extent of its life: it is in the position of not yet possessing tomorrow when it has already lost yesterday. In this life today you do not live more fully than in that fleeting and transitory moment. (Book V).

    • From Schopenhauer, I have learned that he was not just a crazy old fart (how’s that for being ageist?) – but then again – this is a roguish blog site:

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    But why is it that to an old man his past life appears so short? For this reason: his memory is short; and so he fancies that his life has been short too. He no longer remembers the insignificant parts of it, and much that was unpleasant is now forgotten; how little, then, there is left! For, in general, a man’s memory is as imperfect as his intellect; and he must make a practice of reflecting upon the lessons he has learned and the events he has experienced, if he does not want them both to sink gradually into the gulf of oblivion. Now, we are unaccustomed to reflect upon matters of no importance, or, as a rule, upon things that we have found disagreeable, and yet that is necessary if the memory of them is to be preserved. But the class of things that may be called insignificant is continually receiving fresh additions: much that wears an air of importance at first, gradually becomes of no consequence at all from the fact of its frequent repetition; so that in the end we actually lose count of the number of times it happens. Hence we are better able to remember the events of our early years than of our later years. The longer we live, the fewer are the things that we can call important or significant enough to deserve further consideration, and by this alone can they be fixed in the memory; in other words, they are forgotten as soon as they are past. Thus it is that time runs on, leaving always fewer traces of its passage (end quote).

    From Montainge – I have learned to be patient. There I was reading the first nineteen chapters and wondering how I was going to get through his mile long essays (like I should talk – guilty too!) and then chapter 20 in Book I. It was Kafka’s ice-axe for my frozen sea. That to philosophize was to learn to die. Boom! The hooks were set. “Wherefore it is as foolish to lament that we shall not be alive a hundred years from now as it is to lament that we were not alive a hundred years ago.” Wake up! Long life and short life are made all one by death. Remember Blood, Sweat, and Tears, “If it’s peace you find in dying, well then, let the time be near.” And I learned that Montainge began this Chapter when he was thirty-nine. Thirty-nine! Hell, I will be fifty-four this year. 

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    Look at what all he has done with his writing. What have I done? Nothing compared to this. Why not? What? Just start writing? Memoirs? Autobiography? That’s pretty vain isn’t it? But I have also learned from Montaigne the value of the essay style. So maybe later – later in life perhaps? And I also wondered did Shakespeare “borrow” from Montaigne? I compared Montainge’s “acts of my comedy” to As You Like It and All the world’s a stage. And I have learned piety, the wisdom of the past from Virgil, Plutarch, Horace, Plato, Lucretius, Juvenal, Cicero, Lucan, St. Augustine, Cato, and the difference between pedantry and pedagogy, a skeptical learning from the classics and the value of practical knowledge applied to the day-to-day human condition. But I have a question – Is it pedantic to use the line from Shakespeare to make my point? “The first thing we do, let’s kill all the lawyersOkay, maybe it is. Note to myself. First, kill all of the pompous asses that are condescending and who talk down their noses to their audiences. Rather we should consider transformation, not just information. Consider this: The bees plunder the flowers here and there, but afterward they make of them honey, which is all theirs; it is no longer thyme or marjoram. Good point. Just like the patterns in parsley, sage, rosemary, and thyme. And speaking of time, I have learned in Montaigne’s narrative, his essays, the value of honesty and modesty, the doubts, the obsessions and the fears of aging, the blunt proposition to put up or shut up with those who would snipe at the sidelines.“If you have better, bring it out, if not, give in” to show us proofs better woven, and the role of memory a la Cicero.“I remember even what I would not; I cannot forget what I could. And perhaps it is poetry that is really philosophy such that: “Yesterday dies in today, and today will die in tomorrow, and there is nothing that abides and is always the same.” (Apology for Raymond Sebond) And that we must go back to Homer to begin again and that we can be Janus-faced in life. “Let Childhood look ahead, old age backward.” And that in old age our minds can be “like mistletoe on a dead tree.” Consider this: The mind and our experiences as the Golden Bough in later life? And yet, and yet, here is also Venus and love,“the ancient flame.” And so from Montaigne I have learned the importance of balance.“For it is indeed reasonable, as the say, that the body should not follow it s appetites to the disadvantage of the mind; but why is it not also reasonable that the mind should not pursue its appetites to the disadvantage of the body?” And stay not just alive, but to have life in all the days as Montaigne acknowledged the gift of Juvenal, that we are not alone, that there is the knowing that others have dealt with the same issues, time after time, and while we may be dust in the wind, others have faces the same storms -

    While hair is freshly gray, old age hale and erect,
 While Lachesis has thread to spin, and while I stand
 - And walk on my own feet, no staff in my right hand.

    For lack of a natural memory I make one of paper, and as some new symptom occurs in my disease, I write it down. Whence it comes that at the present moment, when I have passed through virtually every sort of experience, if some grave stroke threatens me, by glancing through these little notes, disconnected like the Sibyl’s leaves, I never fail to find grounds for comfort in some favorable prognostic from my past experience (Of Experience – Book III p. 1021).

     

    The Fates again. And may Atropos be on vacation for a while longer. And as Montaigne talks of memory and written notes, I also think of and make connections to Gabriel Garcia Marquez and the character Dr. Juvenal Urbino and how the Doctor had, ”Compensated as much as he could for an increasingly disturbing erosion of memory by scribbling hurried notes on scraps of paper that ended in confusion in each of his pockets . . .” Do I begin to start to writing this blog for capturing memories? Or are the notes, my writings, a method to offset the loss of memory? Or is it really to leave behind bread crumbs? A thread to my find my way out of the labyrinth? –

                From John Bunyan, I have learned that the best way to start writing, is to start at the beginning and to keep going and that the story is something that emerges, by Fate, by Fortune, by Providence. We are the yeast for the dough. We the arrow that leaves the bow string. The end result is in our hands as we pull the on threads to see what pattern unfolds -

    When at the first I took my Pen in hand,Thus for to write; I did not understandThat I at all should make a little BookIn such a mode; Nay I had undertookTo make another, which when almost done,Before I was aware, I this begun.

    Thus I set Pen to Paper with delight,And quickly had my thoughts in black and white.For having now my Method by the end,Still as I pull’d, it came; and so I penn’dIt down, until it came at last to beFor length and breadth the bigness which you see

        To tell a story of the journey, no less than Homer’s Odyssey or Dante’s Divine Comedy or Virgil’s Aeneid or Virgil Caine’s who served on the Danville train, from jail or from exile or from the train or from the boat or from the back porch or from pen or from typewriter or from keyboard strokes on your computer. It is a dream? Does your story start in dark woods? Does it start in a wilderness? Que scay-je? And I might as well add this too. What shall I do? – Mark Twain gave a speech whereupon he remarked that “when my mother got to be eighty-five years old her memory failed her. She forgot little threads that hold life’s patches of meaning together” (threads again) – and that memory was of such great interest to Twain so much so that he had patented his Memory-Builder ***** —— a game board aimed at developing memory for dates and facts}

                From Walter Benjamin, I have learned this: Thank God, I’m reading ‘Illuminations’ first because I don’t have the time to get through A la Recherché du temps perdu, which is all the more ironic. Not enough time to get into the original source. Not yet. There’s no time left for Proust, who evidently writes a lot on both topics. So what I have is a great metaphor offered by Hannah Arendt in the Introduction on “thinking poetically” about fragments form the past and bringing to the surface the ‘rich and the strange’ so that memory is the epic faculty par excellence (p.97). Memory creates the chain of tradition which passes a happening on from generation to generation [but this assumes a two-way street – what if one generation wants to pass on the memories, but the other generation finds it all boring as hell and irrelevant? Sweet muse Mnemosyne, perhaps you are at work in George Lucas and Steven Spielberg? Are in the song by Bryan Adams and 'Summer of 69'. We see the movies and listen to music and it beings up pearls and corals from the depths] For Proust, as I understand it, the taste of a pastry called madeleine and he is transported back to the town of Combray [Stop here ----and I go back in time to open up the suntan lotion and close my eyes and smell the fragrance, the warm breezes of the Gulf, sand, shark’s teeth, fishing, skim boarding, she is walking away from me in a lemon yellow bikini, lemonade, the bite of crab claws on my feet, jellyfish alert, in the surf as I watch a gift from heaven appear before me with her bikini top knocked off by a large wave, I am sorry, but the gods do work in mysterious ways, refreshing iced tea, flying kites, higher and higher in the glare of the noon day sun. Okay back to work] “We know that in his work Proust did not describe a life as it actually was, but a life as it remembered by the one who had lived it” (p.202) And how did he do that? He was able to weave his memory, “The Penelope work of recollection” [Penelope at the loom with her threads awaiting Ulysses – re-collecting], a Schopenhauer tapestry, so that the threads are like text. Benjamin reminded me of this: textum is the Latin word for “web” [Holy shit! – text = web = weaving = the World Wide Web = threads of text woven together = hypertext = blogging !And then I became lost in the reading of a certain section {so was that then a flow experience?) “Befriending Clio” – Clio the eldest daughter of Mnemosyne (Memory). The two together history and memory, like this blog series. Oh I see, got ya. I see the connection with clarity –

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    • “Proust had brought off the tremendous feat of letting the whole world go by a lifetime in an instant. But this very concentration in which things that normally just fade and slumber consume themselves in a flash is called rejuvenation . . . the constant attempt to charge an entire lifetime with the utmost awareness . . .

      To which brings to my mind – John Lennon singing about Instant Karma's gonna get you, momento mori, think Rembrandt's etching of 'Faust', or Jaun de Valdes Leal and 'The Allegory of Death' - Ω - in octu oculi -

       . . . The wrinkles and creases on our faces are the registration of the great passions, vices, insights that called on us; but we, the masters, were not home”. (p.212-213)

       Like a pearl diver who descends to the bottom of the sea, not to excavate the bottom and bring it up to light but to pry loose the rich and the strange, the pearls and the coral in the depths, and to carry them to the surface, this thinking delves into the depths of the past-but not in order to resuscitate it the way it was and contribute to the renewal of extinct ages. What guides this thinking is the conviction that although the living is subject to the ruin of the time, the process of decay is at the same time a process of crystallization, that in the depth of the sea, into which sinks and is dissolved what once was alive, some things “suffer a sea change” ψ and survive in new crystallized forms and shapes that remain immune to the elements, as though they waited only for the pearl diver who one day will come down to them and bring them up into the world of the living – as “thought fragments” as something “rich and strange”, and perhaps even as everlasting Urphanomene. ~ (p. 51).

                              ~ Archetypes. Or perhaps I could offer = perennial threads?                        ψ From the Shakespeare’s – The Tempest, I, 2

      In a sense, every individual is a historian of his or her own personal experience . . . .This task of making sense of the past again becomes important in old age. . . . Having a record of the past can make a great contribution to the quality of life. . . . It makes it possible to select and preserve in memory events that are especially pleasant and meaningful, and so to ‘create’ a past that will help us deal with the future. Of course such a past may not be literally true. But then the past can never be literally true in memory: it must be continuously edited, and the question is only whether we take creative control of the editing or not.” (p. 132-133). Csikszentmihalyi  - FLOW - And Cole presents the metaphor of life as a journey. And there is Odysseus again and Sophocles and the riddle of the Sphinx. Again, there is the wheel of life and the wheel of fortune. And Time moving from seasonal/circular to linear/clock-bound. Father Time (Chrono–Saturn). The circle was broken and the stages of life in lock-step sequence becomes dominant, revisiting old friends again. Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress and then oddly enough the similarity with the author’s name Thomas Cole’s paintings from The Voyage of Life and I almost fall out my chair when Thomas R. Cole (the author) also included a reference to a poem by Oliver Wendell Holmes titled,  “The Chambered Nautilus” as a symbolic metaphor for the spiritual pilgrimage of life. The Nautilus again! I remember the first time I saw the beauty of its design in my biology class many years ago - My path was altered and it was biology that captured my soul and later Holmes’s essays, “Over Tea Cups” are discussed and that is where several threads [memory + Nautilus + time] became  interwoven:

      Unlike his expansive, forward-looking vision in ‘The Chambered Nautilus,’ (1857-58), the chambers of eighty-year old Holmes’s consciousness centered on memory: “In the midst of the misery, as many would call it, of extreme age, there is often a divine consolation in recalling the happy moments and days and years of times long past.” (p. 157). Moreover, Holmes argued that the mind in deep old age did not expand progressively like ‘the Chambered Nautilus’, leaving its past behind. Rather, mentation consisted of recollecting, repeating, and reweaving the material of lifetime” (p. 157).

      <Switching gears in my thought process. On another track> ========

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      A slight digression to clarify something here !

                  Hold it! Stop!  Not quite right, Mr. Holmes and Mr. Cole. I see your point and I concede that the chambers of the Nautilus give the appearance of looking forward, especially with the fact the animal, Nautilus pompilius, lives only in the last chamber, but in fact, the other chambers are not left behind, they are not completely sealed off because the walls (septa) dividing the chambers are actually pierced by a tube (siphuncle), much like a thread connecting the different chambers together, they are interconnected, so that gas and liquid exchange occurs through the siphuncle and it is in fact the way the Nautilus can regulate its buoyancy. Yes, it appears forward-looking but it is still connected to the past chambers and the connections to its past, its history in a sense, threads connected to the past, enable the Nautilus can be effectively  mobile in the ocean. <Janus-faced, beginnings and endings, Janus-faced> We don’t see the siphuncle, the inner thread, but without it, would there be the wonderment of the creature and beauty of the shell? Moving forward, but still carrying with us the chambers of buoyancy, connected by the thread, Ariadne’s thread, out of the labyrinth and through Picasso’s painting, “Minotaur Moving His House” and into Jasper John’s series of paintings, “The Seasons”, the ladder and rope. I believe, No, wait! It is more that that  - It was also there in the Rooke’s chapter where she wrote the profile. Here it is in my notes -

      The task of the Vollendungsroman is to discover for its protagonist and for the reader some kind of affirmation in the face of loss . . . Out lives are temporary; all are circumscribed by the reality of death. But this is felt more strongly in fiction concerned with old age, so that a special intensity, resulting from the darkness to darkness, characterizes the Vollendungsroman. The writer’s imagination is challenged by the prospect of the character’s demise and by the need to ‘capture’ a life before it vanishes. (p.248).

                 Constance Rooke (1992). In Cole, Van Tasel, and Kastenbaum (Eds.). Handbook of the Humanities and Aging. Springer                                     Publishing Co.

      Capture a life before it vanishes. Hey, that’s it! This blog series – Damn, there it is.

      One must wrestle with the experiences of life and at some point along the way we may find that a reweaving a collective past into the present and reweaving a personal past into each stage of life are essential means of preparing for one’s journey into the unknown future (p. 250). 

      From Giambattista Vico, I have learned that our history and our “times” are a worthy object and subject {a play on words perhaps?} of human knowledge and thus, verum factum, can be found in mythology, Chronos or Saturn and tradition and language.

      Our mythologies agree with the institutions under consideration, not by force and distortion, but directly, easily, and naturally. They will be seen to be civil histories of the first peoples, who were everywhere naturally poets (#353),

      We made our history. Our sense of chronology, ingenium, thus why can we not understand it as such? It’s not some mysterious unknown. We have met the history and it is us. Not just cogito ergo sum but the importance of place and time, embedded in the swirling mix of what humans have made. Contra the Cartesian Cogito. Start with history and work from there, best stated by Vico:

      The great fragments of antiquity, hitherto useless to science because they lay begrimed, broken, and scattered, shed great light when cleaned, pieced together, and restored” (# 357 – the New Science).

      But with his focus on integration and synthesis, I have also wondered, was the work of Vico not only underestimated —– but considered anachronistic during his time? Which would be ironic. Or like Dr. John would say: I been in the right place but it must have been the wrong time.

      which brings me to Julia Kristeva’s book, Proust and the Sense of Time.  It was here that he discovered the notion of Proustian time, and metamorphosis, an embodied imagination, and an interesting declaration by the author:

      Memory is but the servant of imagination: it performs an alchemical role in soldering the reality of things to their spiritual equivalent (p. 90)

      And from Barbara G. Meyerhoff,

      Memory is a continuum ranging from vague, dim shadows to the brightest, most vivid totality. It may offer opportunity not merely to recall the past but to relive it, in all its original freshness, unaltered by intervening changes and reflections . . . Remembering is requisite to sense and order. Through it, a life is given shape that extends back in the past and forward to the future, a simplified, edited tale where completeness may be sacrificed for moral and aesthetic purposes. Then history approaches art, myth, and ritual. Perhaps this is why Mnemosyne, the goddess of memory, is the mother of Muses. Without Remembering, we lose our history and ourselves (p. 383).

      Is it interesting that Jean Amery in his book on Aging – opens up with a passage from Proust – from his book Time Regained -

      I had lived like a painter
      climbing a road overhanging a lake, a view
      of which is hidden from him by a curtain of rocks and
      trees. Through a gap he catches a glimpse of the lake, with
      its whole expanse before him, and he takes up his brushes.
      But already the night is coming, the night in which he will not be able to print anymore
      and upon which no day will follow.

      From Timeshifting by Stephan Rechtschaffen

      What lingers in the memory are only those moments when we’re truly present, whether those moments were momentous or ordinary. The rest of the time, when we’re doing things just to get them finished, simply going through the motions of life—all of those days, months, years, recede into a gray blur (p. 191).

      A gray blur. There is something about that phase that I like and I believe I have come across that feeling and that expression before. Remember the Proust and Hegel connection? Gray on gray and Montainge’s expression, hair freshly gray, and while Lachesis has thread to spin, and there is George Gray in Spoon River Anthology. Gray – grey. I can feel it, it’s right there. What is it? What am I trying to get a handle on with this? Gray and getting older, not black and white, but gray And what? What about the gray? What does it mean? There is something there but just out of reach. Maybe it will manifest later and at the right time. In the mean time, perhaps the message in the movie Gattaca was meaningful enough. We can still aspire to great things and overcome the limits in front of us. If there is no gene for fate or the human spirit, we can, despite our flaws and limitations, grow the wings of Daedalus and take flight. We can change and yet still be the same -

      images-61

      -       And what was it about that time in and around the year 1922? The creative energy. The literary works produced in that year – Ulysses, The Waste Land, Siddhartha, Dunio Elegies, Sonnets to Orpheus, The Golden Bough, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus – and in that same year Marcel Proust died. À la recherche du temps perdu. And so where did the time go on June 16, 1904? It depends. There is Leopold Bloom walking, thinking, reflecting back and forth in time to where time it mashed and melted and reconstructed. Joyce’s words float, they ebb and flow, and drift suspended, like Dali clocks made of wax, persistent yet disintegrated, streams of life, steams of consciousness. Whose consciousness I wonder? Leopold Bloom’s? Molly’s? Stephen’s? All three intertwined? Proust with tea and madeleine and Bloom with his soap. A Gordian knot. A uroboros. A labyrinth. Yes, it is quite gray. Gray searching eyes, gray clouds, gray clothes, gray flags, and ineluctable modality. History, which Stephen is trying escape from. But not quite like the crab of history that Nietzsche talked about in the Twilight of the Idols where one who looks backward also believes in backward-ness. No it is memory which Joyce is trying create. That becomes the art of the story. The story has wings to escape the labyrinth up and over. Joyce you are the fabulous artificer. You escaped your nightmare and awoke the history within us. And we ask – how to escape time? One way is to create the text and to create the story. Our history is but the story we create. Habent sua fata libelli. The layers of the pearl. The gray pearl. Our memory the nacre. Vita brevis ars longa and if that is the case then I better get moving. One thing is certain, at least subjectively, is that it all moves even faster with each year that goes by. Or is it that the momento mori, which was relegated to the back row in youth, is now our walking shadow? Yes, the shadows dancing. The celestial light in the mirror. In ictu oculi. We strut and fret into our middle years and now afraid that our story will heard no more for fear that it was all for naught. La vida es sueno. The things that do not last. Vanitas. Dust in the wind. And what did it signify? – littera scripta manet –

                  Α - From Şterne’s The Life and Opinions of Tristran Shandy, Gentleman, I have learned that time [chronological and chrono-illogical] and the written word —– (Are Sterne’s writings really more like conversations1 as Russian nesting dolls?Ю ) can be both magical ***** and a source of confusion and chaos. Who is on first? I mean that in a typographical sense and I do believe but cannot prove it at this point that the writings of Mark Twain’s [Let’s say, for example taking the hybrid cross {χ} between A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court + Huckleberry Finn and of James Joyce [using The Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man as the example {but then again my only one so far}] share a lot in common with Sterne’s style of narrative and text pauses, leaps, and sidebars ▓ – but that is all assumption, by the bye, about writers in a time future beyond Sterne’s, whereas I can see his legacy grounded in Rabelais and Cervantes (neither of which I have read) {but I make note that I should} and he also makes mention of Pilgrim’s Progress and Montaigne.  I have also learned that words (sub-atomic), and the sentences (atomic), and the paragraphs (the elements), and the Chapters (Solar System), and the Volumes (galaxies) are more like a spider’s web, and all interconnected joined together and just when you think the solipsistic Black Widow may appear, Sterne pulls you into his demolition derby. Even the very critics who don’t believe that the sermon should be lingua interruptus – will be nevertheless converted to his helter-skelter ∆ style of combining Ekphrasis and reminiscence scattered about like buckshot; with story lines twisted and folded like moebius strips and Necker tubes —- and yet I wonder? –

                  Is Tristam Shandy ± Laurence Stern ≥ a philosophical romantic and/or comic after all?§ Or was it just a cock and bull story

      1 – see first sentence Volume 11 -Chapter XI

      Digressions, incontestably, are the sunshine; _____they are the life, the soul of reading; —take them out of this book for instance, –you might as well take the book along with them; (Volume 1; Chapter XXII).

      Ю  . . . I have constructed the main work and the adventitious parts of it with such intersections, and have so complicated and involved the digressive and progressive movements, one wheel within another, that the whole machine, in general, has been kept a-going,— (Volume 1; Chapter XXII).

        Could a histographer drive on his history, as a muleteer drives on his mule, _____ straight forward; —-for instance, from Rome all the way to Loretto, without ever once turning his head aside either to the right hand or to the left, ____ he might venture to foretell you to an hour when he should get to the journey’s end; —-but the thing is, morally speaking, impossible: For, if he is man of the least spirit, he will have fifty deviations from a straight line to make with this or that party as he goes along, which he can no ways avoid. He will have views and prospects to himself perpetually soliciting his eye, which he can no more help standing still to look at than he can fly; (Volume I; Chapter XIV).

      And this my favorite:

      Time wastes too fast: every letter I trace tells me with what rapidity Life follows my pen; the days and hours of it, more precious, my dear Jenny! Than the rubies about thy neck, are flying over our heads like light clouds on a windy day, never to return more____ everything presses on_____while thou are twisting that lock,_____see!, it grows grey; and every time I kiss thy hand to bid adieu, and every absence which follows it, are preludes to that eternal separation which we are shortly to make (Volume IX; Chapter VIII).

      But I digress – Back to the Stendhal and The Red and the Black, like a roulette wheel, his chapters as pockets, the Wheel in the Sky, or cups that alternate in a balanced symmetry, as black and red alternate, a Wheel of Fortune, but leave it to E Pluribus Unum {Duo} to create higher edge to the house with more green. Spinning Wheel – 0-32-15-19-4-21-2-25-17-34-6-27-13-36 -11-30-8-23- 10-5-24-16-33-1-20-14-31-9-22-18-29-7-28-12-35-3-26 – And Julien is helplessly a Romantic, lost in the irony of not sure which path to take, Napoleonic army or Spiritual pastor or remain a discontent in civilization.  And again there is emotion and reason in conflict, the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. But Stendhal holds up the mirror to my life as well. Narcissus and Goldmund. It was easier to see the portrait of me as a young man – but now? What have I been doing? Is there anything authentic in all of this? I feel I have been wasting time. Playing games, involved in opportunistic bullshit. But nothing like the guillotine to make one an existentialist and ponder the following:

      A mayfly born at nine in the morning, during the summer’s long days, and dying at five that evening: How could it comprehend the word night? (Chapter 44).

      And I have learned that Julien Sorel is on the journey, like Dante, like Voltaire’s Candide, and Homer’s Ulysses, but Stendhal has presented Julien’s life as one of choices in the binomial mode. Red or Black. The damned dichotomy again. Platonist or Aristotelian? Vita active or vita Comtempliva? Beavis or Butthead? Which is the stairway to heaven? And now I hear the song of Led Zeppelin in my head – because there are two paths to go by and now I am haunted by the Road Not Taken and I hear Frost telling us with a sigh, two roads diverged in a wood, and I I took the one that everyone said to take, and now instead of divergence, I am asked to look at convergence, but be careful because not all that glitters is gold, right Emperor Aurelius? –

                  From Collingwood, I have learned —- Question: “How, or on what conditions, can the historian know the past?” Answer: “the historian must re-enact the past in his own mind” and that Occam had his razor, but Descartes had his machete, and that “history” may be seen not as a circle, cyclical movement, yes, but as a spiral  Ө—- and that the historian is to show how the present has come into existence and not what the future will be and contra Hegel {one thread = political history} and Marx {one thread = economic history}, rather there are many threads to discover, not just one, out of the labyrinth . . . but it is still the way we conceive the world *—- sub specie praeteritorum. It is the world, the world of ideas—-

      Ө History, on the contrary, never repeats itself; its movements travel not in circles, but in spirals, § and apparent repetitions are always differentiated by having acquired something new. (p.114 – The Idea of History. Oxford at the Clarendon Press.1951 – London. Great Britain. R.G. Collingwood).

                        § Have not come across my friend Nautilus pompilius in a whileLogarithmic spirals and instead of Roulette numbers. Could it be Fibonacci numbers?

      * If I look at the sun and am dazzled, my being dazzled is here only, in me and not the sun; but in so far as I perceive the sun, by thinking ‘what dazzles me is there in the sky’, I perceive it as there, away from me. Similarly the historian thinks of his object as there, or rather then, away from him in time; and because history is knowledge and not mere experience, he can experience both as  then and as now: now in the immediacy of historical experience, but then in its mediacy (p. 158).

                  From Wilhelm Dilthey, I have learned <and in the interest of time I my readings were focused on key chapters only> —–that Dilthey talks of fog banks [to which I say – ‘he should know’ – given that his writings are as dense as Augustine], but in the context of the flow of time, this emerges as a powerful ‘thought fragment’ to add to the weaving of a palimpsest - 

      As a state of consciousness the past is distinguished from the present by all the traits that distinguish memories from lived experiences. The future is indeterminate merely in terms of imaginary representations. It is a world of possibilities constantly pursuing us like fog banks when we look down from the Alps. But these possibilities are images connected with the attitude of expectation. The dawning future always influences the changeable consciousness of the present in terms of a mood – great happiness, imminent death, the tragic feeling of life with old age in Faust, Part II (Vol. 1; Book Four; Chapter 4; p. 382).

      Make cross-reference to Caspar David Friedrich’s “Wanderer above a Sea of Fog”; and remember Elijah Browning? – from  Master’s Spoon River Anthology – “And I saw the mists below me hiding all below them” 

      images-7

             - And what exactly is being woven here? Okay there is the representations of the past and the future, but as we sit here in the present, there should be the Proustian recognition of the details, the moment as it exists before it becomes the past or lost in the mists of the future. But something else is present above the sea of fog ? The wanderer is reaching for the star. What is being woven here is perhaps Bildungsroman. Yes, what I have learned from Dilthey is that notion of that our lives can, perhaps, be structured as Bildungsroman. Holderin. Hyperion. Novalis. Ofterdingen. Goethe. Wilhelm Meister. What a minute! Whose life are we talking about? And are the threads the same for other people too? How in the hell can that be? Those are just stories from the past. What could they possibly offer to me a white – middle-class male, and born in the middle of the previous century, a baby boomer, and looking ahead in this century too. And here is Dilthey proposing that -

      “ . . . the Bildungsroman is distinguished from all previous biographical compositions in that it intentionally and artistically depicts that which is universally human in such a life course? . . . .Life’s dissonances and conflicts appear as necessary transitions to be withstood by the individual on his way towards maturity and harmony.”   (Vol. 5, Part II; pp. 273-274)

       A universally human in a life course? How can the lived experience – Erlebnis – be universal? Or are there patterns, traits, experiences that are common threads? And across the generations? I doubt it. Everything seems to be about wiping the slate clean, a new start by throwing out the old dogma and the old rules of the few and elite. Born the USA means never having to say ‘just because,’ because it’s the big Etch-A-Sketch in the sky. But yet, regardless of culture, gender, race, income, age or cohort group. Are there universals for all us? I’m confused as hell here. I see more and more bifurcation and choice and possibilities and endless branching of roads not taken, and in the end, when it is time to look back, the Eriksonian ‘integrity’ of it all, we ask ourselves – No regrets? Or the regret that there was not enough time spent at bringing up the pearls and the coral. In other words, too much time spent in Groundhog Day? And then when the end appeared on the horizon or just over our shoulder one day – Boom! Kierkegaard’s sledgehammer writings on the earnestness of death, but by then too late, game over, and right there on the edge is when I ask for a reprieve, a second chance, to reset the clock, to begin again, when in quick flashes I all I can see are the straight lines ═ carved by the Corps of Engineers, no digressions, no sidebars, no curves, no back eddies. 

      It’s like the joke I have heard before, ‘Why is it, and maybe it is the only time it will ever happen, that you get a police escort and get to run through all the red lights, is only after you are dead on the way to your own funeral? Yep ’straight to the grave’ and all that time your life was spent at stop lights and you waiting to get moving again. I could have used that time for more digressions and ‘fifty deviations’ from the planned trip ahead. But if that lesson and all of those lessons from the past are still present and available, then why have we not increased our individual and collective wisdom about the precious pearls and coral brought up from the depths? How can you read this from Tristram Shandy and not pause to reflect, ‘days and hours of it more precious, my dear Jenny! Than the rubies about thy neck, are flying over our heads like light clouds on a windy day, never to return more.’ Just one more moment more to reflect or give pause on the meditations of Marcus Aurelius? Or all the rest that has passed before me? Maybe because it is the past and it is all still broken! Here we are in 2008/2009 and still no great revelations about ‘how we made to the promised land.’ Nope, we are still digging around, scratching and clawing through the muck, and mucking through it. All that literature, all of the stories, all of the epic poems, all of the biographies, all of the memoirs, all of the journals and dairies, notebooks and post-it notes. Toward what? Tell me! Damn it. What is it?  And please don’t tell me just ‘dust in the wind’ Or even the Nan-ism, which only a grandmother could possible come up with, ‘Someday you’ll know.’  If I don’t know by now, I never will as he reflects upon the scope of his metaphysical questions ~ he then quickly decides not to go onto the slippery slopes of an ontological solioquium, but keeps the blogging soliloquy going Is it all a complete unknown? Like a rolling stone. Shit, here we go again. Through the past darkly , but dandelions don’t care about the time. Really? I am the walrus – koo-koo-ka-choo -

      So let me re-group – huddle up. The past is a representation and tolerable and sometimes instructive via the Schopenhaurian tapestry flipped over and then to love and to work, to harmonize passion and reason, to be ready for the ‘sea-change,’ but the “sea-change” will occur with more attention to detail, and our focus on thinking poetically. God, I’m tired just thinking about it. Is not it easier just being comfortably numb. I wonder, if Pink Floyd thinking about the movie ‘The Graduate’? Or television in general? As I kid I could spend hours and hours putting together the plastic model airplanes and battleships. There were tons of pieces, but no problem, for tt was heaven in the moment of seeing it all in parts and then bringing it together, with every decal just right, the dollop of glue just right, the paints brushed on just so – comfortably numb? No, something else. But it’s been a while since I felt that intense, that focused. It was a happy innocence and I remember the adventures of traveling to the mountains. I was King Arthur in search of sweet maidens and to the beach in search of mermaids. I was the brave Ulysses and now I remember the song by Cream, ‘Tales of Brave Ulysses’  and then the sensory experience of Stephen Dedalus and girl on the beach. O heavenly God! The hopes and dreams, the possibilities, all before me. But now? What has happened? Can I retrieve all of that from my past? Is any of it worth putting to text? Into a web of connections? Can I weave the threads? Better yet, can I flip into the second half and be ready to show how they all create. Wait! Better yet still, can I recreate the spark and the fire of all the colors and designs from the second half? And would it be worth the energy and the time? But all of it for whom? Can my singularity, my individual live experience be of any worth to anyone beyond me? I mean who cares? And I’m just as guilty, because do I really want to wade through all the gravel of other people’s lives? Give me the biographical CliffsNotes. Just give me the gold nuggets, just show me the instructive threads. I don’t need to see the whole showroom of carpet – I don’t have the time.

                  From Theodore Adorno, I have learned, to appreciate the beauty —-and the art —-of writing so cleanly [God knows ---- I am still the pilgrim and have a long ways to go] and his adept way of presenting the critique with precise scalpel cuts and you are left in the hands of the most competent surgeon – when it comes to repairing the two cultures of the sciences and the humanities –

      The simplest reflection on the life of consciousness would teach us to what a slight extent insights, which are by now means arbitrary hunches, can be fully captured within the net of science. The work of Marcel Proust, which is no more lacking in a scientific-positivist elements than Bergson’s, is an attempt to express necessary and compelling insights into human beings and social relations that are not readily accommodated within science and scholarship, despite the fact that their claim to objectivity is neither diminished nor abandoned to a vague plausibility (Notes to Literature; the Essay as Form; Vol. I. p. 8)

      And how does one attempt to express the necessary and compelling insights into human beings? —-Well, I am glad you asked bon ami [see Sieur de Montaigne]—-One way is through text [the essay form]and the narrative of memory and time —-and we need it now more than ever but it has become an anachronism {so sayeth Adorno} – Yes it has the ability to engage in weaving the interconnections – and it’s formal law is heresy (so sayeth Adorno}; heresy against orthodoxy and is skeptical of lofty ideals. Yet, and yet again, if the essay, if the narrative, if the text, can aspire to the enthusiastic fragment ! of Nietzsche:

      If we affirm one single moment, we thus affirm not only ourselves but all existence. For nothing is self-sufficient, neither is us ourselves nor in things: and if our soul had trembled with happiness and sounded like a harp string just once, all eternity was needed to produce this one event (Nietzsche; from Vol. I; p. 23)

      images-8

      ! Maybe that it was I have been searching for in all of the readings (?)

      And I have learned of an interesting connection: Theodor Adorno writing about Thomas Mann who died in 1955 and written for Hermann Hesse on July 2, 1962 [Vol. 2] July 2, 1962? What the . . . .? – I was seven years old, the Berlin Wall went up. John Glenn and then Cuban Missile Crisis began to roll. To Kill a Mockingbird, Lawrence of Arabia, but written for Hesse? I don’t get it. Hermann Hesse died in 1962, but I thought Hesse died in August? What did Adorno know on July 2, 1962? –

      I have also learned of Adorno’s love for books and his analysis – No—-I take that back {is it too late?} —-his sensitive insights toward Proust and what is at stake in Remembrance of Things Past –

      The sense that he [Proust] emanates of something familiar in the midst of what is most out of the ordinary is due to the unparalleled discipline with which he handles things every individual once knew, in childhood, and the unrepressed, things that now return to him with the force of the familiar. What seems so extremely individuated in Proust is not inherently individuated; it seems so only because we no longer dare to react this way; or are capable of doing so. Actually Proust restores the promise of the universality we were cheated of. In his texts it makes us blush, like the mention of name carefully kept secret (Vol. II – Appendix- On Proust – p. 316).

      - Guess what? It’s time to wrap this one up. (I wonder if you made it this far – my good reader)

      So when you stop to think about it, all it takes is a little memory, because when we think it is something new and novel, it has probably happened before, twenty-like in 1965, in South Central Los Angeles, Watts, and again that had started on a routine traffic stop. And what were the conclusions from the commission that investigated the Watts riots? Something deeper was out of balance in the cities and it was related to jobs, housing, and schools. Something was also out of balance five years later from the Watts event, on May 4 at Kent State, the National Guards were called in, and then four dead in Ohio. Sometimes the world does change and evolve, but I wonder if the students in my class today know that after the Kent State event. In June of 1970, Congress changed the minimum American voting age from twenty-one to eighteen years of age, leading to the approval of the Twenty-sixth amendment to the constitution. Maybe all of this stuff, Watts, Vietnam, Woodstock, the Apollo mission to the moon, Kent State – all that is already history to them. The past – maybe it’s like what the end of the Korean War was for me. The armistice agreement in 1953, I wasn’t there, I wasn’t born yet, just twenty years difference, but what a difference it makes.  

      Go back twenty years from my birth year in ’55 and you got FDR signing the Social Security Act, and Huey Long – the Kingfish – was assassinated in Baton Rouge. And the Hoover Dam is finally done and I believe Ken Kesey was born then who went on to write,“One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest.” which became a movie in ’75 with Jack Nicholson, and Kesey also wrote Sometimes a Great Notion, which became a movie in ’71 with Paul Newman. Again all of which happened before this year’s freshmen were even born. Or what about Richard Brautigan, again born in 1935, and eh went on to write Trout Fishing in America in ’67 and In Watermelon Sugar in ’68. Elvis was also born in 1935, and so was Sonny Bono, and Gloria Steinem, and Carroll Burnett, and the best pitcher ever in baseball – Bob Gibson of the St. Louis Cardinals, and Woody Allen. They were all born in that the year, twenty years early from my birth year when Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. had died, and so did T.E. Lawrence, who was known as Lawrence of Arabia, who wrote Seven Pillars of Wisdom, who became the subject for the film directed by David Lean in 1962, who then directed Dr. Zhivagho in 1965, based on the book written by Boris Pasternak, who won the Nobel Prize in literature in ’58, and ten years later, the Tet Offensive in Vietnam, Martin Luther King Jr., and Bobby Kennedy assassinated, 2001: A Space Odyssey at the movies, and so was Planet of the Apes, and then back to the topic of the cold war, when the USS Pueblo was captured by North Koreans, and in ’68  - John Steinbeck died, and I became a teenager of thirteen, and twenty years later, the Summer Olympics were held in Seoul Korea. Pistol Pete Maravich died, the TV show “The Wonder Years” started up, which was really about growing up in the 60s and early 70s, and I got to read Love in the Time of Cholera by Gabriel Marcia Marquez, which was a book about memory and the rivers of time, and the ageless love of Fermina Daza and Florentino Ariza, a remembrance of time and love, A la recherche du temps perdu, A Remembrance of Things Past, A searching for time lost, to Sonnet 30, I sigh the lack of many a thing I sought, And with old woes new wail me dear’s waste, to the Chicago Transit Authority in 1969, Does anybody really know what time it is? I don’t, but does anybody really care? If so, I can’t imagine why. About time, to Sonnet 19 and the Devouring Time, blunt thou the lion’s paws, but heading back to 1970, Guess Who? Well, there’s no time left for you, but lots of time for me. I guess that is one thing I will have in a few more months – lots of time. Time to finally read Proust. Damn I got through Dante, so might as well climb another mountain of words, and then back to Dante, Petrarch, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Blake, and Swinburne. Yes, from April to April, and in between Swinburne, and here we are in April, and I have learned about the triumph of time. It is not much that a man can save on the sands of time and in the garden of Proserpine. We are not sure of sorrow and joy was never sure, today will die tomorrow, time stoops to no man’s lure, especially in the Waste Land, Thou hast conquered, O pale Galilean, we have drunken from things Lethean. 

      Yes, there is passing of the old guard, I can feel it, something new and different on the horizon. Time keeps on slipping into the future, along with me and a bunch of other baby boomers. And I can feel me and us moving into the next bracket. And those ahead of us saw it in a whole different light, and those behind us, in my classes, probably see it way different than me. What’s wrong with them? What do they want? Back in my days. God, I sound just like my father. Same threads, but being woven in different patterns, same fire, but it burns differently for each generation. Sure, it’s didn’t start with the baby boomers like in Billy Joel’s song beginning with Harry Truman in 1949 and going through 1989 with the cola wars because it’s been going for centuries and continues with Noriega, Gorbachev, Stevie Ray Vaughn, Desert Storm, and the Gulf War, but the torch has been passed. I can feel it, I see it in the classrooms.  Do I tell my students about our first color TV in 1965? Well, it was because my old man wanted to see “The F.B.I. Show” with Inspector Lewis Erskine in living color. Maybe Coupland’s had the next group in the relay race figured out with his “Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture.” Maybe I’m just jacking off with legislated nostalgia, yuppies and slackers, Bonfire of the Vanities, and American Psycho, Bleeding Ponytails and Boomer Envy, Nirvana, Soundgarden, Spin Doctors, and then that freaking song from Pearl Jam. Time, memories, and aging. What the hell am I going to do next? But then again what am I afraid of? I can do just about anything. There won’t even be a portrait of the artist as a middle-aged man. Carry on wayward old man. What ever happened to the dreams? And the imagination? And the limitless possibilities? Now there is only the dark wood. The doors are shut. This is the end my beautiful friend. The end of my elaborate plans and end of the soft parade. It started back in ’69, back when I was in high school and I didn’t see the message at that time. All our lives we sweat and save, building for a shallow grave. Must be something else, as Jim Morrison would point out. Apocalypse now or never. Shit – only the good die young. Wow, how fast I’ve gone from Epicurean to Stoic in just a few years –

      Time dominates experience. We live by watch and calendar. We eagerly trade megahertz for gigahertz. We spend billions of dollars to conceal time’s bodily influences. We uproariously celebrate particular moments in time even as we quietly despair its passage. – Brian Greene. “The Time We Thought We Knew” (New York Times, January 1, 2004).

      Yes, to celebrate particular moments in time. That is key, isn’t it?

      What alchemy can capture the essence of holding the moment?

      Effortlessly?

      Continually?

      How to recreate the solstice? Tempus-stice the longest day.

      To make every day a Bloomsday.

      How to make time stand still?

      To see illumination in Platonic ideals?

                           By climbing a 5.10b route on granite slab?

      In the electric carnal embrace of skin to skin?

      Skydiving?

      Meditation?

      Good company and a good meal?

      Prayer?

      Bungee jumping?

           It will probably vary for each individual. Just as the string can produce different musical notes. Who can say?

                  As in the variations of Orff’s Carmina Burana:

                              Eugene Ormandy Philadelphia Orchestra.

                              Robert Shaw Atlanta Symphony Orchestra & Chorus.

                              Chor und Orchester der Deutschen Oper Berlin/Christian Hielemann

                  Will it be the black-and-white photography of Ansel Adams or the color photography of  Galen Rowell?

                  Or –

                  to catch an artic grayling from a high mountain lake on a wet fly,

                  to view Vermeer’s painting Woman Holding a Balance,

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                  to watch a cinnamon teal on the fly, 

                  to hold your baby grandchild in your arms,

                  to view Georgia O’Keefe’s Ram’s Head and Hollyhock,

                  to serve barbeque ribs and cold beer,

                  to listen to Christopher Hogwood’s rendition of Mozart’s Requiem,

                  to eat a fresh sweet corn on the cob,

      listening to Lisa Gerrard’s voice soar in “Elegy” (if that is what I can hear in heaven, count me in) from Immortal Memory,

                  hearing the song “White Room” by Cream and not caring what it means

      heading down to Fisherman’s Wharf in the evening, listening to Chaka Khan’s “I Feel for You” on the radio,

      spending the morning beachcombing,

      the smell of lavender,

      listening to Bach’s Mass in B Minor,

      the taste of a ripened peach right from the tree,

      to hear Sheila Chandra sing “Ever So Lonely,”

                  it will vary according to each vibration of the string.

                  Timeless

                  time

      In the Zen poetry of Ryokan -

                  Months pass, days pile up
      Like one intoxicated dream -
                    An old man sighs.

      And Basho -

                        This autumn—
                               why I am growing old
                         Birds disappearing in the clouds.

      I have added (so far) in this blog -  a galaxy of findings and conclusions and statistics, and after I add it all up, what do I have? More science? – Where is the story? Where is the myth? Where is the art?

      I think of what Carol Gilligan has said about the Psyche and Cupid tale –

      Metamorphosis—changing the shape, overcoming the form—is the essence of creativity. It is by its very nature improvisational, taking off from the familiar and heading into the unknown. Like art, like science, like love.

      And here I am returning full circle, back to the beginning, heading into the unknown, to try and understand the life story, to remember, to create text, to weave the story via this blog.

      And why?

      Here I am. Carry on wayward, son, and then to grow old, and so I have contemplated often: Is there wisdom to share? Are there guideposts to describe along the journey? Are there digressions, distractions, adventures to offer as a part of my odyssey?  Which may connect with others along the same lifetime? But why should they care?

      There is death, but there is also love.

      I write this blog because there is death.

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      The finiteness of time is motivation enough. The earnestness of death and it will happen to me, and I feel its weight now more than ever, and I know this: I know it for me. There is no more bullshit. Memento mori. Dust in the wind, wheel of fortune, ants marching, Vanitas vanitatum, Omnia vanitas, Et in Arcadia Ego, and so I write this blog in the back eddy in the river of history and against the brevity of life.

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      Yet, while there is life, there is love 

      And so the weaving of the narrative text is the work of the troubadour as memento mori against the nullity of death and the march of time. I have entered into the chambered Nautilus again, moving forward, looking backward, interconnected, brining forth the stories, tied together in threads, and I am but one of many, woven together, generation after generation, through time do we enter mystery, adding layers to the pearl.

      And now it is Petrarch and his reaction to aging,

                  Well, let it come. I’m not the only one
                   who’s aging. My desire doesn’t age,
             But how much time, I wonder, have I left? 

      And so there it is: my sentiments exactly.

      How much time is left? I don’t know, and that is why I must write and submit these lines as text in this blog series -

      And why? Because there is the muse and my desire doesn’t age and there is love while there is still life, even though love is,

                  like snow in the sun, like wax in fire, like clouds before the wind . . .

                  The muse is there saying: Write!

      And it is inspiration, but what to say?

      How to capture the time and the memories?

      It is as though Petrarch would say to me or to you that such a task is like trying to capture the notion of her beauty. It is certainly no easier than

                  to count the stars and to catch the ocean in a little glass . . .

      So I dream on. But I wonder if the green laurel is within reach. So I type this in large font and print it out from Ricoeur’s book – It will go on my wall.

      Under history, memory and forgetting.
      Under memory and forgetting, life.
      But writing a life is another story.
      Incompletion.
                   Paul Ricoeur (2004)

      Thanks – Scott D. Wright

Beyond Benjamin Button: The river rises, the clock stops – time to reflect…

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Before I submit the final blog installment in the other series on Memory and Forgetting (forthcoming) I thought I would briefly follow-up with a quick review of the movie, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.

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You will recall that I dedicated a previous blog series on “The Curious Case of Time’s Arrow” several weeks ago at this web site and one of the issues covered was the story of Benjamin Button. As a gerontologist -and as an avid movie fan – I found this movie to be poignant and an effective catalyst to make you think – and reflect – on the vagaries of life (whatever direction it may take ! forward, backward, sideways, or comfortably in stasis- at least for a while). 

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This is a movie for your lifetime – literally – and seriously.

 The acting and the mind-bending notion of aging backwards (in this movie) while all around you “all else moves forward” 
was well conceived and acted with solid credibility – especially as we watch the people “age” and grow 
”young” before our eyes.
 (see review by A.O. Scott in NY Times { Movie review}. Instead of a retread carpe diem message, the theme is more thoughtful: there are many routes 
through life – but the end and the beginning of life can settle into similar completion – as though bookends.



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I highly recommend this movie as a refreshing difference these days – as an antidote – in a world of  CGI without soul – or PIXAR happy-gas movies that fill the stomach like cotton-candy
, but leave the brain wanting more. As a person trained in the scientific method, I sometimes find a greater affinity with Cartesian doubt, but I still believe in
 stoic joy  -and this movie offers the possibility of thinking – and experiencing life as a journey with 
loved ones – all the while as history unfolds, and people live and die – and we should
 remember, and savor the experiences before it all drifts along and empties into the ocean.



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The river is still “there” even if the water is constantly moving – how can the river
 be still present – if is carried along with so much water ?

 Shades of Heraclitus! –”On those stepping into rivers the same, other and other waters flow.”

Thus, I find it quite moving the movie is set in New Orleans and the Mississippi
 River flows on, but then Katrina is nearby, then the waters rise,  and the clock stops 
and whether it moves forward – or backward – it does make us stop to wonder 
about our lives (in and as) a moment – a flash of the firefly – and youth flashes by and by. 
 Along with our personal aging we have an array of memories,  but in this movie we are reminded that so many older adults are left to fade in nursing homes or in solitary dwelling spaces  cut off –isolated – in our communities. What was their story? 
Who is there to listen? Why did so many have to perish? Yes, if you examine the statistics of the mortality rates associated with Katrina – the elderly were most vulnerable, as we have learned with heat waves in the midwest (see the book “Heat Wave” by Erik Klinenberg – Interview w/ Klinenberg) and with earthquakes in China and with several tsunami in the Pacific region.


This movie is worth the ticket price and it is money well spent as it a movie for the soul, the heart, and the brain. Now, try to 
find that in any store – at any discount – in a consumer culture gone amok. As you walk out of the store with that 70% off “thing” – I ask you to compare that to walking out of this movie
with a “life”  (yours – I would wager) as made more meaningful, more contemplative. 

And then I hope to reflect – on those most vulnerable in our midst.

Thanks, Scott D. Wright

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life: Section IV(b)

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life:
The Gift and Curse of Mnemosyne and Lethe

Section IV – Personal Perspectives (b) –

We would be nothing without the past generations, nothing without their history and our own, but memory is accurate only if it gives meaning to present existence.
—Sylviane Agacinski, Time Passing: Modernity and Nostalgia

The things we remember no longer exist. We compose ourselves out of the traces those things have left in us—figments snagged in the net we cast over the tumult of our lives as they ineluctably and forever escape us.
—Derek Sayer, Going Down for Air: A Memoir in Search of a Subject

In Section IV(a) of this blog series (previously), I mentioned the notion of adults of a certain age as being further along and closer to the ocean than to the headwaters of life.  Okay, at this point, we need to highlight Bertrand Russell and his work, Portraits from Memory, which I think as highly appropriate given his interest in memory, time, the life course and aging. And it also seemed to run parallel to Thomas Cole’s paintings of the Voyage of Life in perfect symmetry.

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The selected passage of Russell’s was taken from a piece titled, How to Grow Old

    An individual’s existence should be like a river – small at first, narrowly contained within its bounds, and seeking passionately past boulders and even waterfalls. Gradually, the river grows, the banks recede, the waters flow more quietly, and in the end, without visible break they become merged in the sea and painlessly lose their individual being.

            Through the passages of time. We are created – molded – transformed. We are the product of our times and with that, we carry the memories – the good and the bad, the horrific and sublime, the mundane and the transcendental. We have our individual timeline and the historical timeline – and the remembrance of both. The question is, at least for aging baby boomers, what will be important to remember? And conversely – to forget? Maybe we are supposed to just move on. What I mean is this: I still make fun of my father for hanging on to his music and his remembrance of the “good ol’ days.” And now it is “instant karma.” I guess it’s my turn to get the message of “time to move on.” But not so fast…not yet.

            Question: as we get older, what exactly will we give back as “the story of our time” to other generations? Do we even have a story to pass on? One that has some degree of civility and meaning to this life? Do we have a sense of obligation to build again? Hell, I’m not even sure if we, the baby boomers, care or not. Maybe memories are like baggage. Maybe a lot of people just can’t wait to unload it. But then again all those years, all those experiences, what we have done in the past. Does it have an impact on the future and with the time that we have, the time we have left? There’s got to be something of worth, some sort of wisdom to impart. Are there any threads worth handing over? To teach? Are there threads that connect the past to whatever the future may hold? What about us?

What about me? Maybe I should get off my ass and try to find out for sure. Think of the years. 1955 – and now it’s almost 2009. What has happened? Shitttttttt….Where did that go? Where in the hell to start? And that’s only – well – just over fifty-three years. What about when you have eighty behind you?  Or ninety? Or over a hundred? Can all that simply be forgotten? Can it? Where do those memories go? Into tombstones at the gravesite? Into monuments? Into a dairy? A book? A photo album? Music? Art? Into your children? Where? I’m just one out of millions before me – millions upon millions – and then some. All of that – And to where? – To what end?

One clue for me was found in a book that I highly recommend to you – and it is a work of fiction:

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Boy’s Life by Robert R. McCammon. In the last fourteen pages of this book, I had an ephiphany of sorts on what I was to do. In the last twelve pages of the book and beginning on page 427, the story had Cory Mackenson returning to the town of Zephyr in the year 1991. He had since married and he now had a son and Cory reflected on the passage of time since 1964,

    …We’ve lived through Vietnam – if we’ve been fortunate –and the era of Flower Power, Watergate, and the fall of Nixon, the Ayatollah, Ronnie and Nancy, the cracking of the Wall and the beginning of the end of the Communist Russia. We are truly living in a time of whirlwinds and comets. And like rivers that flow to the sea, time must flow into the future. It boggles the mind to think what might be ahead. But, as the Lady once said, you can’t know where you’re going until you figure out where you’ve been.

            Now how’s that for summing up generational life course of a baby boomer? And then look what McCammon did in the Acknowledgments part of his book at the end. It’s a Who’s Who of cross-cutting influences on boomers like me, most I recognize, some I don’t, but it’s pretty cool that that he listed them all out, like an inventory of life experiences, an old cigar box full of life’s treasures hidden away.

Wow, I can even see me riding my Schwinn Sting Ray bike with the high-rise handle bar and the banana seat. And then look how McCammon credits Rod Sterling and Ray Bradbury for his writing and imagination. I wonder if all, if not most, male boomers could get into the story like I did with this book? The memories, the experiences. And even though McCammon turned his into fiction, it was still pretty close to what could happen back then. Besides the past has it’s own special magic, at least in some parts, but as you get older….Yeah, I know something happened…

Wow, what happened? That was then…and this is now – and seems like a bag of hurt. I think it’s time to cue the song: You could pick Bittersweet Symphony - but I choose - Comfortably Numb (the version by Van Morrison with Roger Waters works best, but recall Pink Floyd) – I am receding – the dream is gone – a sojourn into gray. A gray “color” like the image of the brain on the Powerpoint slides I was looking at last week (see earlier blog posting) and the next slide had us viewing the landscape of the convoluted folds of the brain, then a cross section, and I see the dark-colored layer of the cortex and I hear the phrase “gray matter” and immediately I think about my sojourn into gray.

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It captures the story of my life so far. Well, as far as I can tell.

Before this speck of life
passes on and out—
how our lives are measured,
graded, counted, recorded
as monthly bank statements.
And while that exactness
never ceases, I desire more
the inverse with grayness.

I seek the range,
not the median.

The quickening down count,
I grow more intimate
with chaos of years flashing faster,
an irregular star trapped in skin.

Why can’t aging be of Tao,
and not Newton?
As a back eddy removes itself,
but still connected to a gravity
fed river raging, to the side
for an instant, slowing,
circular,
not linear.

A time to reflect for a moment again:
Treasures of existence . . . brush
of your lips, loving, beauty in the child’s
laugh, comfort of the friend, the
calming shore breeze at dawn, a
sigh at the wonder of being in-place . . .
Before re-entering destiny,
             following the pull toward oblivion.

And whereas Proust wrote an involuntary sensory and mental reaction brought on by tea and Madeleine cake, I have begun to inventory my own triggers – some of which I have tried to resurface even when they had long since disappeared and would not be capable of reproducing again:

English Leather cologne: Adolescence – trying out the dating scene – Mr. Cool – trying to be an adult but still awkward – probably splashed too much  on me –also reminds me of Brut cologne – throwing that on me after PE class – probably a step above Hai Karate – which then reminds me of Billy Joel’s song –“Keeping the Faith” – My old man’s Trojans and his Old Spice after shave -

Wisteria: light blues, white, yellow – reminds me of grandmothers – Nan’s backyard – summer – bees – heaviness in the air – feminine – intoxicating –overpowering – hanging like grapes on the trellis – sometimes too sweet – like the perfume that the old ladies used to wear at church –

Suntan Lotion: summer – bikinis – lemonade – ice tea – skateboard – surfing –  the ocean – probably will have to write some poetry on this one – skim board – sensual – long days – time was different – time was like drifting -

Bubble-gum: baseball games – summer – bubble-blowing contests – sno-cones – freedom – happiness – carefree -

Smell of fresh cut lumber: working with Pop – watching him build everything and anything – magic – sawdust – power saw – making signs for homes in North Carolina – hope – promise – skills to have –

Baseball glove: athleticism – turning a double play – hitting that triple – stealing bases – me writing St. Louis Cardinals names on my glove – Bob Gibson and Lou Brock – confidence – limber – playing ball was life –

WD-40: working on fixing things around the house – taking the whole day to replace the old wood bed out of a pickup truck – loosening the bolts that were rusted – Why? – to go duck hunting –the next day – the smell of gunpowder – and freezing my ass off in the duck blind – strong black coffee – and trying to make calls like a mallard hen – an outboard motor that won’t start – a long way to paddle back in – raining all the way -

Opening my old tackle box: knowing – knowing where the fish are – perfect cast – the smell of plastic worms – rusted hooks – a jar of old salmon eggs – a jar of old pork rinds – I see the top water bait – the one with propellers on the front and back – I think of Lisa – and then a song that used to piss me off – “Saturday in the Park” by Chicago –

Mimeograph fluid: school handouts – blue ink – teaching classes – still damp from being run just recently from the machine – in a hurry – strange days at Arcadia High School – seems like another lifetime ago –

Hawaiian Punch: – just the sight of it – being stupid – getting sick – too much alcohol mixed  with it – throwing up all night long – sickly purple-red – some things you just want to forget –

Blue votive candle: who would imagine? – less than a dollar – from Pier One imports – I smell it – and it is the skin of her – fresh – breezy – instantaneous delight – to fall asleep -

Saffron: multi-sensuous – the rich grassy or hay like fragrance – natural and exotic – Minoan rituals – Theseus anointed with spices -  Siddhartha – meditative – the color of sunset in late April -

Okay – your turn….

Thanks, Scott D. Wright

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life: Personal Perspectives (Section IVa)

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life:
The Gift and Curse of Mnemosyne and Lethe

Section IV – Personal Perspectives (a) -

Life is not what one lived, but what one remembers and how one remembers it in order to recount it.
—Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Living to Tell the Tale

So, here I am thinking of Thoreau’s answer to the questions posed in his own chapter title and serving as catalyst for his own inquiry from his book Walden “Where I lived and what I lived for” and his words still speak, even to this day -

    Time is but the stream I go a-fishing in. I drink at it; but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow it is. Its thin current slides away, but eternity remains. I would drink deeper; fish into the sky, whose bottom is pebbly with stars. I cannot count one.

 - Mr. HDT. Mr. Cipher. The American Sphinx.

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Okay, so that got me to thinking about this: Our lives as palimpsest or tabula rasa? Or as one big wall of graffiti. Our lives as amor fati? So that, a la Nietzsche, you would want to do it all over again, your life, as in over and over and over again. But still the same? In perpetuity? Or be given a fresh start yet again? A new beginning? Sort of like most of our cells in our body at least according to Hayflick who said that, “Most of your cells do not accompany you from the cradle to the grave, so you are really are not the same person that you were even a few years ago, either figuratively or literally.”  Think about that! When you celebrate your birthday, you are really celebrating only those cells that have not been replaced yet, but the rest of you, how old is that? Well, what parts are you talking about? What parts have been replaced and what parts do you still have from the beginning? Sort of like the identity and change paradox known as Ship of Theseus. Anyway, back to our supposed amor fati. Yes, there is one life and there is also one big catch according to Nietzsche, that is if you buy into his metaphysical perspective.

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And it is that you cannot carry over the knowledge, the lessons, the experiences or the wisdom from the past and so the probabilities that emerged and representing your fate is therefore sealed in a Sisyphean loop all without the wisdom of the past and so your future is still determined. Or is it? And what would it matter? I’m right back to the same spot because it all appears to be smoky metaphysics and sticky cow manure. This is this. One shot. This is the fate that we know and the only have. So carpe diem. No more than that, carpe momento! This second, this moment. And in this moment, I reflect back to another time in my life and so many years ago.

As we carry on our business of life, the deep and significant can become lost and postponed so that as our parents, our relatives, our friends die and are no more, we wish that there would have been more time, time for such a word, to have said something meaningful, but alas we are but brief candles after all, and the epiphany shocks us because the petty pace has all crept up on us, day after day it all marches on relentlessly, on our way to a dusty death. In the long run and when put into perspective it has all flashed before us as we think about our one hour upon the stage, and then gone. Perhaps the nuances and the snippets will be gathered up by a novelist – a storyteller – a blogger – and then the script embellished and interspersed with theatrics, full of whopper tales and suspect events, and in the end all of it representing not too much in the grand scale of things.

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We realize it was a walking shadow. Was that me that appeared before me in the mirror? And was that me as the I that established so many relationships over time? Who was I to me and to others? What role upon the stage? Did I change? Did I stay the same? And who would record, down to the last syllable, all of this rumination and reminiscence? Hey, we have met the storytellers and they are us.

And so here I am and the months are quickly moving onward. Here it is already into late December and it has been non-stop action on building this blog site and creating numerous HTML documents that are beginning to link and cross-link even though the buttons to move forward and backward through links seem to be a linear process. In other words my linking back and forth moves in geometric lines of related information but yet the subjective feel is all right-brained and contextual and fluid and following infinite possibilities on an ever branching tree. No wonder they use words like explorer and safari to describe the investigative and connective functions of the WWW. It is easy to move through the information – but like Theseus, one needs a thread to find your way out of the labyrinth. In a way, it’s the same process that reminds me of the simple act of going back and establishing a reference point through one’s memories, jumping from various events, sometimes in a random and spontaneous fashion. How to place order on all of it?

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In a way, I think of my life as both the chambered nautilus and a large sheet of fabric made of various threads now woven to reveal some patterns, but I suppose the overall material is still being created, but slower and more methodical. The river that was once flowing rapidly is now beyond the mid-way point, and the source of it all – the ocean – seems to be more influential now than the small streams that began the flow many years ago. I remember thinking just a couple of months back how it was going to be strange, a strange trip or surreal party to be involved in creating one’s own narrative of life and that strangeness is no different than let’s say the great question of Leibniz and Heidegger based on the notion that nothing is simpler than nothing, thus -“Why is there something rather than nothing” which makes me think of how one gets started from nothing? Or so it seems when answering the question of where one begins with writing. There is always something to our lives worth recalling but trying to get that something to start it all off is the challenge whatever that original point may be with me or someone else. It is as difficult trying to explain the fact that we are here and we are something and not nothing. But why? How would you go about explaining your presence as it is today? How did you come to be? One must start somewhere at some time along the ontological continuum. So I want to start here where the memories are seen quite clearly, yet emergent, coming out of the gray or some cave or some labyrinth. Well, get going. Write! Create the text and begin the weaving – while there is still time – start the blog – Okay – look back and what do I see?  

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I know my stream of consciousness, my soliloquy, may come off fragmented on your computer screen -

Labyrinth {life itself} – Theseus {courage to determine fate} - Ariande {guide and soror mystica} – Augustine {to reflect on the past} – Thomas Aquinas {in a methodical way} - Hieronymus Bosch – {My dreams} – Nautilus {of the many stages} – Bruegel {stark and raw} – Hesse {of the spirit and the flesh} – Joyce {the appreciation of beauty and the way out} – Daedulus {to rise above} – de Chardin {science and religion} – Icarus {to know one’s limits} – The teachers {see the other road} – Threads {to look for patterns} – Threes (3) {to choose among many} – Fates {the end is the same, the way there may differ} – Nymphs {Lord, make me chaste, but not yet} – Graces {to see beauty, to seek peace, to cultivate happiness} – Waterhouse {beauty and mythology} – Homer’s Odyssey {the journey home} – Athena {wise mentor} – Indians {earth centered} – Whitman {dynamically alive} - Emerson {ethics and nature} - Thoreau {nature and human} – Borges {textual labyrinths} -  Neruda {earthly flesh} – Petrarch {to see her as a gift} – Schopenhauer {defiantly synthetical} – Neitzche {defiantly visionary} – D.H. Lawrence {artistic heart and its navigator} - Muses {I am grateful for the sensory awareness . . . a blessing and a curse!} – T.S. Eliot {somber mood} – Hemingway {body grounded}- Rilke {soul aflight} – Goethe {renaissance mind} – Dante’s Divine Comedy {the journey to soul} – Umberto Eco {textual mirrors} – Vico {history matters} - Rimbaud {poetry matters}-  Mnemosyne {to respect the past} – Kronos {to understand the passing of time} Kairos {to make the most of the opportunity} – Graeae and Senex {wisdom and experience} – Sally + Diana + Lisa + Susan + Kristi + Julia + Celeste + Melissa {I am forever grateful} - So after all that – Where do I stand? – What is my position? – Agnostic? – Gnostic? – Theist? – Scientist? – Buddhist? – Platonist? – Arisotelian? – Rimorrisonbaudian? – Romaniticist? – Am I with Faust? – Am I with Dawkins and Wilson? – Am I with Hawkings? – Am I Abel? – Am I the gamekeeper? – Am I a Glass Bead Player? – Am I with God? – Am I with myself? –Dies irae? – Paradise found or lost? – What is still missing? – The answer was in a book – and a memory – both subjective and universal – First my memory – Flash back to the school days – Ray Bradbury – Fahrenheit 451 – and the question posed – “If you had to memorize one book (become the book – you are the book) – which one would it be? – And my pick? – Dante’s The Divine Comedy – which was a pretty good trick – a rabbit out of the hat – But I remember the Czar – His choice stopped the teacher in his tracks – Ulysses by James Joyce – I remember thinking – Can he say that? – Isn’t that book illegal or something? – And of course – if the Czar mentioned it – then the floodgates were opened – the freshmen looked around at each other as though God himself had spoken – If the Czar picked it – it must be read – put that on your list – but of course we had no idea why we should – it’s just that the Czar endorsed it – but then when I snuck in – and found another Joyce book – The Portrait of the Artist as Young Man – which was dynamite – I fell in love with a sea-bird on the shore – my heart flew – and I turned into a hopeless romantic – but I digress – so from the Czar’s pick to the book I found – Joyce’s Book of Memory by Rickard – which – as fate would have it (and always seems to be that way) – an examination of Joyce’s work –“Ulysses” – as a mnemotechnic –{a Mnemosynthetic device} – and from there I think this – it is time – 

dante_r1_c13

Dante – who took the maxim “Know thyself” and rediscovered it through his writing of The Divine Comedy. It was his apology and redemption and transcendence. It was his own account of his journey in time and the sharing of a lifetime of memories, both good and bad. Lessons: Along your way, be careful of distractions the lead you astray and into a dark wood. Use the past to help guide your way, but do not rely on it exclusively for the future is a river of change. There is the way of the mind and the way of the flesh. Try to find the middle way. Emotions, passions, intellect,  mind,  soul,  spirituality, reason, self-reflect, and observe oneself in one’s own time. To know ourselves in history. To discover both worlds during the time we have. The outer voyage upon the seas with Ulysses and the inner one with Dante. It is a comfort and it is good to know that others have struggled with it as well. I am not alone. It is my journey but have I done anything to share what it was like? So many years but they go so quickly. What matters in the end? Love. Yes, love. How did one love? The most difficult journey of them all and that is why I am lost as well. So easy to say and so easy to know, but so hard to practice. I am whirlwind and find myself seeing both sides. I am at this point getting older and still no wiser, just knowing a little bit more stuff, still seeking, still on the journey, still wanting and craving. When will it calm down? When does the desire for more and more end? More knowledge? More pleasure? Maybe that is why Dante called it ‘The Divine Comedy’ One big joke? Maybe it is. I mean – If you don’t know yourself after all these years – but you can’t really know until to create the inventory of your-self…

To be continued… Thanks, Scott D. Wright

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life (Section III)

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life:
The Gift and Curse of Mnemosyne and Lethe

Section III – Perspectives from the Humanities

The pasts we carry but do not entirely cognize regularly rise to colonize our present. But once we admit the ways–whether subtle and subterranean, or entirely overt–by which this eerie domination of now by then can happen, then memory turns labyrinthine.
—Richard Terdiman, Present Past: Modernity and the Memory Crisis

I propose instead to read Ulysses as an “odyssey” of memory or an “odyssey” through memory, a novel in which characters and readers struggle to come to terms with the past in order to move toward the resolution of the desire for closure – for Ithaca.
—John S. Rickard, Joyce’s Book of Memory: The Mnemotechnics of Ulysses

            In the previous blog, I briefly examined selected biomedical perspectives on memory and forgetting in the aging domain. The breadth and depth of the research in the domain of aging and memory issues is astounding – and overwhelming – which is ironic given our topic: what is worth remembering (including) and what do we simply let go (excluding) in all of that research? This is important because – the aging mind – is both a personal (and individual) and a public health issue. It is public health issue due to the sheer impact of the demographic transition that will occur in the next two decades. For example, on Dec. 2, 2008, The Wall Street Journal carried a great article by Robert Hotz (p. A14)  and it was reported that with 78 million baby boomers turning 60 at the rate of 8,000 a day (in the US) and with the fact that by 2050, the world’s population of those over 60 years old is expected to exceed the number of young people for the first time in history, there is the estimate that more than 2 billion people will be potentially prone to memory lapse and “befuddlement” (I don’t like the word – and I can’t remember the last time I used it…trying to think of something else – ah, there was the movie “The Fog of War” – maybe there will be a “The Fog of Aging” ?).

Okay – so what was my point? – That I do remember…All that research on this topic…So now what?

Is the answer in taking a cocktail of select biochemicals to offset the aging mind? How about playing video games (Nintendo Wii) or participating in marathon crossword puzzles or Sudoku? My own preferred remedy is to keep engaged with blogging (and random surfing – Stumble! – and reading books) and gardening (more on that later). But with all of that information – what shall we do? How to find the golf nuggets in all that gravel? 

For example, in my inventory of links (via Delicious) on this topic, I have several that I cannot simply discard because the implications are so roguish – so different and extraordinary compared to the standard publication(s) that adds another pebble to the ant hill busy being built by the troops involved in normal science. For example, there is a link about Impairments of Memory and Learning in Older Adults Exposed to Polychlorinated Biphenyls Via Consumption of Great Lakes Fish (Schantz, 2001)

Uh oh… that can’t be good – PCB exposure can affect memory and learning in adulthood?

Yep, afraid so.

Or for many people – there was the disappointing news that all those supplements of Ginkgo has not really been effective reducing the development of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease, but then there was this odd bit of news from the botanical front at The Ohio State University that indicated that marijuana reduces memory impairment (yes, the headline read: “Scientists are high on the idea…” – seriously). Wow…one plant showed initial promise (Ginkgo) and then all of sudden we get a hit of Cannabis (one toke over the line), which purports to reduce chronic inflammation in the brain. Well, these are keepers for me; but with all of the RSS feeders at work and elaborate database searches that are possible, it is mental challenge just to determine the all-important signal in all that noise. Sometimes it is necessary to remember and to forget. But with all the science (both the roguish and the pebbles on the ant hill), I have found that it is the humanities that help to provide creative balance, perspective, context, and contrarian viewpoints on our topic.

Let us start off with this one item: How many of you know of the collaborative work of William Gibson, Dennis Ashbaugh, and Kevin Begos, Jr. (1992) – Agrippa (a book of the dead)? Well, if you haven’t – it is a strange but perfect capturement of creative design on our topic of memory and forgetting. Agrippa is a work of art that was originally stored on a 3.5 floppy disk (remember those?) {And doubly ironic as well deal with memory – as in these days – a 5 GB memory stick is no big deal} and it would erase itself after a single use and the words and images in the book would eventually fade into oblivion due to the exposure to light. Wow – creative and perfectly orchestrated to the mental dilemma that is our life – our history – our ephemeral existence. Memories erased – our thoughts, and our experiences slowly fading – and then… gone.

300px-disintegrationofpersistence

But not so fast. Some artists take on the challenge of existence and memory and burn a significant imprint that would last for generations. Examples: Salvador Dali’s painting, The Persistence of Memory and The Disintegration of the Persistence of Memory. Surrealism via Dali makes memory look like a very strange trip – indeed –, which perhaps it is. How else to account for the one-and-a-quarter million words of Marcel Proust and In Search of Lost Time – probably the all time whopper account of involuntary memory operations (also see Alain De Botton, Shattuck, 1983, and Schhlagman et al, 2007 references at end of posting below).

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Another example: Like a few other readers on the planet, I consider the work (Okay, I guess The Board of the Modern Library thought so too), Ulysses by James Joyce to be monumental – and life altering – in its ability to transform the reader in many different ways. But as much as I have enjoyed reading the book, I never really appreciated how the role of memory has played as an undercurrent throughout Ulysses until coming across Rickard’s analysis of Joyce’s work. Rickard did a fine job of showing how Ulysses operated as a mnemotechnic – a literary operation of history and human development for James Joyce, and even though there is indeed an “industry” that surrounds the analysis of James Joyce works, Rickard’s (1999) book is simply indispensable in the understanding of importance of memory in the creative formation of literature – and as a motivator to create the one of the most important novels of our time.

And speaking of books, and time, and let us not forget – the movies! – we have the interesting polarities of memory. Total recall and complete memory loss which leads me to I recall, for example, my own discovery of the story written by Jorge Luis Borges titled, Funes, His Memory. It was the story of Ireneo Funes who would recite Pliny’s twenty-fourth book in Natauralis historia in Latin (with the subject of that chapter, ironically, on the topic of memory) and who he was before his fall from a horse which left him “blind, deaf, befuddled, and virtually devoid of memory.” After the fall, Funes was transformed and his perception and memory were perfect, so that all that had ever happened to him was clearly available and accessible to Funes as though all of it were happening in the present. His memory was precise and sponge-like to all that he absorbed around him, but there was a catch. He could not overlook anything or create generalities. To him all was detail and newly minted in the memory. Nothing escaped. It was all there. All of it; whether he liked it or not.

images2

Borges would descriptively write of the downsides to such a condition. First, there was the notion that every experience did become a memory. Let me repeat: every experience, every time, all of it, was etched as memorable, so much so that “Funes remembered not only every leaf of every tree in every path of forest; but every time he had perceived or imagined that leaf,” all of it, the leaf became a leaf became a leaf became a leaf became a leaf. It was like his mind was trapped in a hall of mirrors. I could not fathom the infinite regress, but after reading Borges story, it was then that I only had begun to appreciate the gift of remembering selectively.

This led me to think that I would prefer to know that I age across time as a cognitive flow of experiences, sliding along, adjusting and adapting, taking a little bit here, and forgetting some of that there. It would be preferable to get the reality check in incremental and small doses and not at every instance of perception. My mind would be like a catalogue of snapshots flipping at me like a rolodex the size of a ferris wheel; and for Funes? Well, as Borges put it, “His own face in the mirror, his own hands surprised him every time saw them.” He would go right back to cataloguing everything that he encountered. Everything! There was no “been there and done that”; rather, everything was subject to a place in his memory. All things were memorable.  And it was hard for him to sleep because “To sleep is to take one’s mind from the world” but that was not the case for Funes. Because all was a precise memory and every perception was an image to be reviewed without respite, it was all a relentless accounting of all that had been seen and experienced.

But here is the personal lesson for me: I want to remember and to re-weave and I also want to leave behind what is not needed. Perhaps it could be said this way: when I go on a trip, I don’t want to bring the house, I just need the suitcase for a while. Now, the condition of Funes has an eerie parallel to the movie Memento (released in 2000 – see http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0209144/) in this regard: the short-term memory loss (anterograde amnesia) of Leonard Shelby. In the movie, Leonard was unable to form new memories, although he could remember events up until the night of the tragic murder of his wife and when (shortly thereafter) knocked unconscious like Funes.

images-2

Whereas memory was both a tragedy and treasure for Funes, for Leonard – memory was equivalent to deception and deceit. It was just a quick camera shot in the movie, but if one looked close enough, on Leonard’s arm was tattooed the lines, “Consider the source memory is treachery.” Leonard had tattoos as permanent records on his skin because they are the “facts” and in addition Polaroid photos don’t lie. Remember? Every Picture Tells A Story, Don’t It? (thanks to Rod Stewart) – But it also depends on how you see it. Right? Was it SG13-7IU or was it SGI3-71U? Or was it SGI3-71U? Leonard waxed philosophical about his condition given the circumstances. What can be trusted in our minds? The external (empirical) objects that held the clues and that represented the facts were more reliable, more dependable than the smoky and opaque images within our memories,

images-1

Memory can change the shape of a room; it can change the color of a car. And memories can be distorted. They’re just an interpretation, they’re not a record, and they’re irrelevant if you have the facts.

            So says Leonard.

            In contrast, Funes found that memory is too reliable. He can’t close his eyes and have the world go away. It’s all there, every precise detail. There is no vagueness about it. Funes would want to escape to the bottom of a dark river because every time he looks into the mirror, it becomes yet another memory and now another. You and I might hope that “regular” memory would help to sort out the world into a comfortable arrangement of, “Oh yeah, that’s familiar, no need to exhaust energy yet again. Move on, it’s been filed away. Next!”

But Leonard wants to believe that when his eyes are closed, the world will still be there, as it was, and not as something different . . . and new.

“We all need mirrors to remind ourselves who we are.”

Mirrors. Here we go again. Threads back to Umberto Eco and Borges.

Photographs to capture the truth. But what is it that I see? Ringo Starr was right when he sang,

“But all I’ve got is a photograph…As the years go by, and we grow old and gray.”

Old and gray – fading memories like the art work Agrippa

The next time you go to the obituaries in the newspaper or some online cemetery site and you are able to view/scan the images of those who have departed and those who have become recent and distant memories in our thoughts – please try to reflect on these items:

Dante’s chilling lines: “An interminable train of souls pressed on, so many that I wondered how death could have undone so many.” (And see T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land) to which you could build the bridge to the recent book, “The Brief History of the Dead,” by Kevin Brockmeier and then marvel at memory, life, and death.

And then Soren Kierkegaard’s classic statement –

One who has perfected himself in the twin arts of remembering and forgetting is in a position to play at battledore and shuttlecock with the whole of existence.

Thanks for the memories – Scott D. Wright  ~

And may I recommend the following materials for you?

(Via BoingBoing.net and posted by Cory Doctorow)
In 1992, William Gibson released “Agrippa (A Book of the Dead)”, a haunting poem about loss and memory that came on a floppy disc that erased itself as you played it. Here’s a screen-capture of the Agrippa poem being read out inside a Mac classic emulator. There were other editions, even more esoteric, that you can read about on Wikipedia; as lovely a literary piece as this is, it was an even lovelier artifact. A “Run” of William Gibson’s “Agrippa” Poem from a Copy of Original 1992 Agrippa Diskette, Wikipedia on Agrippa (via Beyond the Beyond)

Baxter, C. (1999). The business of memory: The art of remembering in an age of forgetting. St. Paul, MN: Graywolf Press.

Danzinger, K. (2008). Marking the mind: A history of memory. New York: Cambridge University Press.

De Botton, A. (1998). How Proust can change your life. New York: Vintage.

Draaisma, D. (2004). Why life speeds up as you get older: How memory shapes our past. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Fara, P. Patterson, K. (Eds). (1998). Memory. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Gross, D. (2000). Lost time: Remembering and forgetting in late modern culture. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts Press.

Halpern, S. (2008). Can’t remember what I forgot: The good news from the front lines of memory research. New York: Harmony Books.

Kandel, E. R. (2006). In search of memory: The emergence of a new science of mind. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.

Kotre, J. (1996). White gloves: How we create ourselves through memory. New York: W.W. Norton & Co.

Nilsson, L., & Ohta, N. (2006). Memory and society: Psychological perspectives. New York: Taylor & Francis.

Praz, M. (1967). Mnemosyne: The parallel between literature and the visual arts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Rickard, John S. (1999). Joyce’s book of memory: The mnemotechnic of Ulysses. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

Schlagman, S., Kvavilashvili, L., & Schulz, J. (2007).  Effects of age on involuntary autobiographical memories.
In J. Mace (Ed.) Involuntary memory. New York: Blackwell Publishing.

Shattuck, R. (1983). Proust’s binoculars: A study of memory, time and recognition. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Terdiman, R. (1993). Present past: Modernity and the memory crisis. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

Thompson, R. & Madigan, S. (2005). Memory: The keys to consciousness. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Yates, F. A. (1966). The art of memory. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life – Section II

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life:
The Gift and Curse of Mnemosyne and Lethe

Section II – Biomedical Perspectives

When he became aware of his first bouts of forgetfulness, he had recoursed to a tactic he had heard about from one of his teachers at the medical School:
“The man who has no memory makes one out of paper.” —Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Love in the Time of Cholera 

Remembering the past is a form of mental time travel; it frees us from the constraints of time and space and allows us to move freely along completely different dimensions.—Eric R. Kandel, In Search of Memory,  2006

The literature in relation to memory in journals on aging are represented by studies on iconic memory, episodic memory, semantic memory, working memory, spatial memory, discourse memory, memory failure, memory complaint, visual integration, processing implicit information, reaction times, and then there is what I consider the ultimate expression of scientific discovery in this domain – “everyday memory” – Does that mean there might be an “every other day” memory? Or an ‘every now and then memory’? Or how about ‘special day memory?” Oh man, what’s next? –

hippocampus

So here I am writing a blog about on memory issues while listening to a guest speaker on the topic of cognitive impairments in older adults. I am writing this blog while observing a series of colorful Powerpoint slides flash on the screen at the front of the room. My prefrontal cortex (working memory) is processing the information, as we visually glide (via the presentation slides) into the cerebellum and I am taking notes (skill) and then we move into some MRI images (sagittal, axial, and coronal) then we are viewing the medial temporal lobes (MTL) appear: the cingulum – cornus ammonis 3 and 3 (CA2 and CA3), entorhinal region, and then the dentate gyrus.

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And then we are looking at the hippocampus, long-term memory, the mother lode, the gateway, the pearly gates. Abandon hope, all ye who enter here, damage to the hippocampus usually results in profound difficulties in forming new memories, like Leonard in the movie Memento, anterograde amnesia (but more on that in a later posting in this series). Yet, some say there is evidence of neurogenesis in the hippocampus, yet there is atrophy with Alzheimer’s disease, and there are two of them for each hemisphere: hippocampi. The sea monster, the sea horse, St. Augustine of Hippo, the river horse, Hippopatomus, Greek, Patmos, St. John, wort, Hypericum perforatum, serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline (norepinephrine), which leads to a brief discussion of LeDoux’s new book, Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are, and I am lost in a world of biomedicalists. And here I am: the self. My self: is a space between neurons? My life story in a nutshell, almond shaped, the amygdala, uh mig’ dull uh, I’m a dullah, Don De Lillo, Armadillo, Amarillo, I am synapses, therefore I am. Oh come on, life at the molecular level is fascinating, I agree, but what part of the elephant are they touching? I want to step back and get out of the microscopic. Enough of the PowerPoint slides of the axons and dendrites. I need to get some air. There needs to be a balance here – at least for me. So, I’m turning to Shakespeare for contrast (as the speaker continues on…)

Let us briefly review what Shakespeare has written in relation to this topic, and we have Prospero and Miranda from The Tempest engaged in dialogue (as the speaker goes to the next slide).

            Prospero:            Canst thou remember
                                            A time before we came unto this cell?
                                            I do not think thou canst, for then thou wast not
                                           Out three years old.

            Miranda:            Certainly, sir, I can.

            Prospero:         By what? by any other house or person?
                                        Of any thing the image tell me, that
                                        Hath kept thy remembrance.

            Miranda:          ‘Tis far off,
                                          And rather like a dream than an assurance
                                          That my remembrance warrants. Had I not
                                          Four of five women once that tended me?

            Prospero:          Thou hadst, and more, Miranda. But how is it
                                          That this lives in thy mind? What seest thou else
                                           In the dark backward and abysm of time?

But as I consider that mental escape from the presentation, I am back to listening about structural equation modeling in the presentation – and so I am reminding myself of the Faustian bargain. It was the caveat of Mephistopheles all wrapped up in a Latent Difference Score Model for episodic and semantic memory where the speaker is citing the authors Lovden, Ronnlund, Wahlin, Backman, Nyberg, and Nilsson (2004),

    Lovden, M. Ronnlund, M., Wahlin, A., Backman, L., Nyberg, L., & Nilsson, L. (2004), “The extent of stability of change in eipisodic and semantic memory in old age: Demographic predictors of level and change. The Journals of Gerontology. Psychological Sciences, 59B: p130-134.

By which their study demonstrated that,

    …longitudinal configural and metric invariance of a declarative memory model, a strong association between changes in semantic and episodic memory, a tendency for dedifferentiation, evidence for small but reliable interindividual differences in change in declarative memory, and higher stability coefficients for semantic than for episodic memory. Together, these findings depict relatively high degrees of structural stability and stability of interindividual differences in declarative memory performance in a sample of older adults relatively free pathology (p.133).

            WTF? Excuse me? Can I have that in English?

Okay, I can live with that. But let me get this straight. And so I have all the parts in my hand. Right? I then now have many empirical indicators of memory and change over time. I can even rest easy with all of the statistical tests, χ2 , root mean square error of approximation, factor loadings, stability coefficients, skewness and kurtosis, but yet something is still missing. It is the essence of aging, the flesh and blood (in the age of reason) and time, and memory. Yes, all parts are there . . . minus only the spiritual band, the living threads (thanks Goethe !)

But the speaker goes on to the next slide and yet another citation: it is from the Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, and on the topic of “Self-Discipline and Self-Consciousness Predict Subjective Memory in Older Adults.”

    Pearman, A. & Storandt, M., “Self-Discipline and Self-Consciousness Predict Subjective memory in Older Adults.” Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, Vol. 60B, No. 3 (2005): p153-157.

OK , this is slightly more engaging, I suppose. But then I am wandering off again, and thinking of The Mysterious Flame by Umberto Eco which is about a bookdealer that loses his memory, and there is also another book: Rules for Old Men Waiting by Peter Pouncey.

Uh oh…back to the slides again. What do we have here? A quote: “Age-associated cognitive-impairment has been described in a variety of species, including rats, macaque monkeys and humans (Sandi, 2007).

    Sandi, C. (2007). Memory impairments associated with stress and aging. In  F. Bermudez-Rattoni (Ed.) Neural Plasticity and memory: From Genes to Brain Imaging. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press (Taylor & Francis).

And then, I hear the magic words (the signal we are almost done) from the speaker: “In summary, let me present the findings from the latest study…” which is from  The Journal of NeuroscienceNovember 26, 2008, 28(48):12820-12824. 

After hearing the title and authors: A Neural Mechanism Underlying Memory Failure in Older Adults; W. Dale Stevens,  Lynn Hasher, Kimberly S. Chiew, and Cheryl L. Grady – the audience is given a brief overview (I guess it is from the abstract):

    Older adults have reduced memory, primarily for recall, but also for recognition (Craik and McDowd, 1987), particularly for unfamiliar faces (Bartlett et al., 1989). Behavioral studies have shown that age-related memory declines are due in part to distraction from impaired inhibition of task-irrelevant input during encoding (Healey et al., 2008). Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been used to uncover the sources of memory deficits associated with aging. To date, this work has focused on successful encoding, while the neural correlates of unsuccessful encoding are unknown. Here, we provide novel evidence of a neural mechanism underlying memory failures exclusively affecting older adults. Whereas both younger and older adults showed reduced activation of brain regions important for encoding (e.g., hippocampus) during unsuccessful encoding, only older adults showed increased activity in brain regions mediating distraction (e.g., auditory cortex) and in left prefrontal cortex. Further, these regions were functionally connected with medial parietal areas, previously identified as default mode regions (Raichle and Snyder, 2007), which may reflect environmental monitoring. Our results suggest that increased distraction from task-irrelevant input (auditory in this case), associated with the unfamiliar and noisy fMRI environment, may increase environmental monitoring. This in turn could hinder suppression of default mode processing, resulting in memory failures in older adults. These findings provide novel evidence of a brain mechanism underlying the behavioral evidence that impaired inhibition of extraneous input during encoding leads to memory failure in older adults and may have implications for the ubiquitous use of fMRI for investigating neurocognitive aging.

OK, I like the biomedical approach and I find the fMRI to be a damn interesting piece of testing equipment, but then I keep turning back to other complementary perspectives on this topic – for balance and for insight.  So I drift from the microscopic >> back to the macroscopic. For example, Landesberg has argued, (at the time of her dissertation project in 1996 and then later in the publication of her book in 2004)

    ς Alison Landesberg, Prosthetic Memory: The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture (Columbia University Press, 2004).

that past experiences would become commoditized and offered to all and anyone. In other words, a sort of a cafeteria-style memory buffet. She proposed the notion of an emergent “prosthetic memory” in the lives of citizens of a technology-saturated society. There would no direct experience necessary as historical memories could be vicariously experienced so as to reflect an enriched phenomenological thrill ride. And movies have been one the most efficient and stylized version of reinventing and repackaging history, as Forrest Gump was there in Vietnam, talking with JFK and LBJ, or at a Black Panther party or at the Watergate hotel, playing football with Bear Bryant and ping-pong with the Chinese, and when it was all said and done with his shrimp-boat philosophy (shit happens!), the process went right down the rabbit hole with the simulacra of the computer-generated dream world of the blue pill that you swallowed with Blade Runner and Total Recall and with Lynch’s Mulholland Drive and Stone’s JFK and Spielberg’s Schindler’s List. The boundary of memories – what really happended – had become blurred, and many were not even sure if it happened or not.

WYTYSIWYTYG = What You Think You See Is What You Think You Get.

Was it authentic or real? You better say it right up front, get the caveat emptor explicit,  just like The Dramatics (think Soul Train) sang about people made of plastic, wood, stone, and lies in Whatcha see is whatcha get. Or is it? Were the memories real, embellished, enhanced, or fabricated?

 It is no wonder then – that a book titled Try to Remember: Psychiatry’s Clash over Meaning, Memory, and Mind (McHugh, 2008 – Dana Press) has emerged to investigate certain trends in psychotherapy (in the 1990s) where a number of patients began accusing their parents and other close relatives of sexual abuse, as a result of false “recovered memories” urged onto them by therapists practicing new methods of treatment.  McHugh explains why trendy diagnoses and misguided treatments have repeatedly taken over psychotherapy. He recounts his participation in court battles that erupted over diagnoses of recovered memories and the frequent companion diagnoses of multiple-personality disorders. He argues that both the public and psychiatric professionals must raise their standards for psychotherapy, in order to ensure that the incorrect designation of memory as the root cause of disorders does not occur again.

So as we “try to remember” what happended (in oue own way), try to remember the song too ——- OK aging baby-boomers – Can you?

The song was written by Tom Jones and Harvey Schmidt composed the music.

Try To Remember…… according to the Wikipedia reference:

Try to Remember was originally sung by Jerry Orbach in the Original Off Broadway production of The Fantasticks. “Try To Remember” made the Billboard Hot 100 pop chart three times in 1965 in versions by Ed Ames, Roger Williams and the Brothers Four.

1965 ? – Holy shit – I was ten years old. Over forty years ago – and here it is almost the start of another year 2009 – and onward we go >>>> 

And since it is now the month of December (2008), how fitting that a section of the lyrics captures the season of winter,

    Deep in December, it’s nice to remember,

    Although you know the snow will follow.

    Deep in December, it’s nice to remember,

    Without a hurt the heart is hollow….

As for me – I sort of remember it…well, barely. 

Maybe I didn’t want to remember that song, maybe it was too “old” for me at the time – perhaps it kind of reminded me of my grandmother. Or perhaps The Beatles were overwhelming the music landscape at the time – at least for me. Maybe at my age I can select the memories that are simply necessary – or at least significant than others. 

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And then check this out: 

 It turns out there’s a scientific reason why older people tend to see the past through rose-coloured glasses. Medical researchers have identified brain activity that causes older adults to remember fewer negative events than their younger counterparts. These neuroscientists have discovered that older people use their brains differently than younger people when it comes to storing memories, particularly those associated with negative emotions.

    Duke University Medical Center (2008, December 20). Aging Brains Allow Negative Memories To Fade. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 20, 2008, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081216104025.htm

This is why I find great affinity in examining the process of aging from many different perspectives – the interdiscplinary approach. Next up we will take a look at memory and forgetting in literature, music, and the arts. Stay tuned….

Thanks, Scott D. Wright

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life: The Gift and Curse of Mnemosyne and Lethe

Remembering and Forgetting in Later Life: The Gift and Curse of Mnemosyne and Lethe

Memoria est thesaurus ominum rerum e custos
Memory is the treasury and guardian of all things.
 Cicero

Of what nature am I? A life various and manifold, and exceeding vast. Behold, in the numberless fields, and caves, and caverns of my memory, 
full of numberless kinds of things . . . 

Augustine (Confessions)

———————————————————————————————————————————————————-

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Let us first consider the subtitle of this blog series: The Gift and Curse of Mnemosyne and Lethe. May of you may recall (perhaps) Mnemosyne as the goddess of remembrance – of recollection, and she is identified as the mother of the muses in ancient mythology, and so as Fleckner (1998) has aptly observed, memory is therefore “distinguished as the origin and foundation of the arts.” 

    Fleckner, U. (1998). The treasure chests of Mnemosyne. Verlag der Kunst.

    1013matelda

Whereas, Lethe is actually: The River Lethe flowed through the plain of Lethe in Hades (see Dante’s Divine Comedy – Inferno). Also known as the Ameles potamos (river of unmindfulness), the dead were required to drink from its water in order to forget their earthly life, thus all memories were wiped clean – nothing was to remain about the past. When reading Dante’s epic work, Lethe had a functional role to play in the transition of souls from earthly life, but the tradition – and the art of forgetting – has an interesting counterpart to memory in Western Culture (see Weinrich, 2004).

    Weinrich, H. (2004). Lethe: The art and critique of forgetting. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

In our 21st century life domain, we are faced with the gift and curse of Mnemosyne and Lethe as a result of a longer life expectancy and within the demographic transition of an aging society.

My grandfather, in the last years of his life (he died at the age of 88), had severe cognitive impairments, probably due to Alzheimer’s Disease. And I can remember visiting him in a skilled nursing facility in Arkansas as he sat in a wheelchair staring at the open space that was the lobby area near the entrance of the nursing home. I went up to him and told him that I was his oldest grandson, “Scott” and was there to spend time with him that day. My grandfather, known as “Pop” never knew who I was that whole time I was there with him; in fact, my grandfather was very focused on him and me to “get ready” for a trip to the Panama Canal as it was out turn to go down and help dig and build it! It was heartbreaking to see him in such a way – as being “present” in a moment from long ago – that may or may not have ever really happened. All those years with him and all those years of life experiences were fading into a fog of fragmented moments – sliding along chaotically.

My interest in the role of memory and forgetting in the aging process is more personal than professional. Although I cover the topic in a variety of courses on aging that I teach, I have never really had a direct role in basic research associated with this topic in gerontology. And yet, this is the topic in aging that intrigues me the most, especially as it relates to the nuances of memory and forgetting as a psychological dimension of well-being and as a part of the fabric of socio-cultural fabric. I suppose I feel like I need to understand the topic more in depth – or as far as I can investigate – as an ongoing project in dedication to my grandfather. So here it goes. This is (and will be) a set of blog postings on the topic of aging, memory, and forgetting. And I shall end this section with the epigram for the book, Mechanisms of Memory, by J. David Sweatt (2003) which captures an elegant excerpt by Vladimir Nabokov (from the book Speak, Memory) that addresses the miraculous existence of memory and the textual expression of things remembered, especially in comparison to the vast nothingness that appears to us as an infinite universe:

    How small the cosmos (a kangaroo’s pouch would hold it), how paltry and puny in comparison to human consciousness, to a single individual recollection, and its expression in words!

    Sweatt, J.D. (2003). Mechanism of memory. San Diego, CA: Elsevier (Academic Press)

    272px-mnemosyne_dante_gabriel_rossetti

The 2008 Rogue Scholarship on Aging – Cicero Book Awards (and they go to…)

The 2008 Rogue Scholarship on Aging – Cicero Book Awards

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Books that have generated both heat and light on the topic of aging -
scholarly and yet just enough roguishness to challenge the received view and stir up the status quo - 

Non-Fiction

* Ending Aging: The Rejuvenation Breakthroughs That Could Reverse Human Aging In Our Lifetime.
by Aubrey de Grey and Michael Rae (St. Martin’s Press) ISBN = 978-0312367077 (paperback -2008)

* for analysis and critique scroll down (thanks)

Fiction

Love and the Incredibly Old Man
by Lee Siegel (University of Chicago Press) ISBN = 978-0-226-75705-6

Tampico
by Toby Olson (University of Texas Press) ISBN = 978-0-292-71827-2 

Notables for 2008

Can’t Remember What I Forgot: The Good News From the Front Lines of Memory Research
by Sue Halpern (Harmony Books) ISBN = 978-0-307-40674

The Longevity Revolution: The Benefits and Challenges of Living a Long Life
by Robert N. Butler, M.D. (PublicAffairs) ISBN = 978-1-58648-553-5

Nothing to Be Frightened Of
by Julian Barnes  (Knopf)
 ISBN = 978-0224085236

The Art of Aging: A Doctor’s Prescription for Well-Being
by Sherwin Nuland  (Random House) ISBN = 978-1400064779

* Note: The hardback version of this title was released in 2007- the paperback in 2008. I have it as the best in non-fiction this year due to its provocative premise that “the key biomedical technology required to eliminate age-derived debilitation and death entirely – technology that would not only slow but periodically reverse age-related physiological decay, leaving us biologically young into an indefinite future – is now within reach.” This is without doubt one of the most scholarly and intriguing books on the topic on aging – in many years. “Ending Aging” is full of roguishness and I admire Dr. Aubrey de Grey’s passion and laser-focused dedication to the topic. I had a chance to hear him speak this past year at the University of Utah (Eccles Institute of Human Genetics) and he is quite the character – and he delivers the message with authority and hyper-confidence. The book has raised hell – and the level of discussion on research on aging to a greater level of heat and light.

            Yet….as I recognize “Ending Aging” as the premier example of rogue scholarship on aging – there are critiques and counterarguments to consider, as well as other benchmark studies to factor into the topic. I for one find more affinity with the theoretical perspectives of Rose (see below). I like the scientific fireworks between SENS and SENSE.

            May I suggest the following articles for a well-rounded perspective?

            Carnes, B. & Olshansky, S. J. (2007). A realist view of aging, mortality, and future longevity. Population and Development Review, 33(2), 367-                       381.
            Clegg, B. (2008). Upgrade me: Our amazing journey to human 2.0. New York: St. Martin’s Press.

            Perls et al (2007). Survival of parents and siblings of supercentenarians. Journal of Gerontology, 62A(9), 1028-1034.
            Rose, M.R. (2008). Making SENSE: Strategies for engineering negligible senescence evolutionarily. Rejuvenation Research, 11(2), 527-534.
            Terry et al (2008). Disentangling the roles of disability and morbidity in survival to exceptional old age. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(3),                        279-282.

         Thanks – Scott D. Wright


Roguish Quote on Aging:

"Historically, modern and modernist literary texts present dramas of heroic individual resistance against decayed or opaque social formations." ~ in Richard Eldridge's Literature, Life, and Modernity (2008).

Photos of the Month

Biotechnology education in neon

Screen Technology

14/365.child of technology.

Thomas Hardy - one of the greatest English writers

Thomas Hardy Statue

string theory

Paradigm shift keyboard

Perhaps I. Kant. Perhaps I can.

Immanuel Kant

Mississippi River Sunset

More Photos

Twitter Report on Roguish Aging

Recommended Links

Forthcoming topics/posts:

~ I want to place a bet: Will we see the "singularity" in our lifetime? Is there a difference between SENS and singularity ? stay tuned ?
Watch videos at Vodpod and other videos from this collection.

SPQA-”The Senate and the People of Aging”

Marcus Aurelius Marcus Aurelius

 

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